What if the United States never invaded Iraq in 2003? What part of the Middle East looks most different today?
The invasion never happens. Saddam stays in power, Iraq stays under sanctions and inspections, and the U.S. never has the occupation that followed the war.
The hard part is figuring out what this actually changes. Does ISIS still emerge in some form? Does Iran have less room to expand its influence? Does the Syrian war unfold differently, or were those forces already building toward the same outcome?
And in the U.S., how much of the post-9/11 military and security state still develops without Iraq?
What is the biggest thing that disappears from history with the invasion?