u/Additional_Stick_311

Source of the image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relic_Stupa_of_Vaishali

The Portuguese sent multiple expeditions to the Maldives, most of which failed except for the third expedition in 1558 where they ruled for 15 years before being defeated in 1573 by a resistance movement led by Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-Auzam.

Source of the image: https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/extremely-rare-15th-16th-c-mughal-indian-massive--117-c-510480f8e9

Sources of the images:
https://www.harappa.com/blog/red-jasper-torso-harappa
https://www.harappa.com/slide/statuette-red-stone-harappa

The passage reads:
"883 … And Pope Marinus sent some wood of the Cross to King Alfred. And that same year Sigehelm and Athelstan took to Rome the alms which King Alfred had promised thither, and also to India to St Thomas and St Bartholomew, when the English were encamped against the enemy army at London; and there, by the grace of God, their prayers were well answered after that promise."

Source: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/early-medieval-england-and-its-n/article/king-alfred-and-india-an-anglosaxon-embassy-to-southern-india-in-the-ninth-century/DEDFE9DD4CCC0FE313DF25A40747E4A2

The sarasa(a painted cloth made from cotton) became popular in Japan during the Edo period where it was used for obi(waistband) and kosode(robe) linings. This example could be seen as an indian equivalent to orientalism.
source: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/74423

Source of the information: https://dn711405.ca.archive.org/0/items/wen-dan-and-its-neighbors-the-central-mekong-valley-in-the-seventh-and-eighth-centuries/Wen%20Dan%20and%20its%20neighbors%20the%20central%20Mekong%20Valley%20in%20the%20seventh%20and%20eighth%20centuries.pdf

More information about Qian/Gan Zhi Fu: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syamapura_Kingdom