I've read that the language has been well documented. In 2016 the university of Tartu published a Kamas e-learning book. Linguists managed to record about 1,550 words of the Kamasin language. In 2024, a Kamas learning book was made by the Russian Geographical Society.
"Mirandese Language Day" was celebrated on the 17th—an initiative dedicated to promoting the Mirandese language and culture.
Key events include the presentation of the first manual for learning the Mirandese language and the translation of the Portuguese Constitution into that language. Until now, Mirandese was taught without textbooks, and teachers had to create them themselves.
These are some of the initiatives introduced as part of the celebrations marking the 28th anniversary of the law recognizing the linguistic rights of the Mirandese language.
The Mirandese language ( in Mirandese: lhéngua mirandesa ) is a Romance language spoken in an area called Terra de Miranda, in the north-east of Portugal.
According to a survey carried out by the University of Vigo in 2020, about 1,500 people speak Mirandese regularly.
In 2023, the study Present and Future of the Mirandese Language was published, coordinated by the professor of Galician philology Xosé-Henrique Costas, who wrote: “At this rate of loss of speakers, in 2050 or 2060 Mirandese will be lost as a living language”.
Mirandese is not a mixture of Portuguese and Spanish nor a dialect, but rather a language that has its origins in the Asturian-Leonese spoken in the Kingdom of León.
Mirandese is much more than an endangered language; it is a testament to Portugal's linguistic and cultural richness, a heritage that deserves to be preserved and celebrated.
Hey everyone! I wanted to share a piece of my heritage with you today. I am a full-blooded Moksha. For those who might not know, the Mokshas are an indigenous Finno-Ugric people living mainly in the Volga region.Historically, the forest was everything to our ancestors — it gave them shelter, food, and protection. They held a deep, spiritual reverence for nature and worshipped its spirits. Because of this deep connection, our language itself evolved to sound like the forest. It has a powerful, breathy quality with lots of voiceless, rustling sounds. When you hear it spoken, it literally sounds like the wind blowing through the trees. Since my ancestors knew the woods like the back of their hands, I decided to share a few traditional forest life hacks on how to navigate without a compass. After all, who else to share this if not me? At the same time, you can get a glimpse of how this unusual language looks and sounds structurally.
https://youtube.com/shorts/3FUJOEfv4Hg?si=NkYEL2ms5lZdNrhU
I'd love to hear your thoughts and impressions! And a special shout-out to our Finno-Ugric cousins — Finns, Estonians, and Hungarians: do you feel or recognize anything familiar in these words or grammar structures? Let me know in the comments!
Katarina Barruk is a Sámi singer who sings in Umé Sámi, a critically endangered language spoken by approximately 20 people. She believes her songs will help revitalize the language.
This project aims to provide 50 words in Australian Indigenous languages. Unfortunately, most of these languages are highly endangered.
Hi everyone,I wanted to share a quick spotlight on Votic (vađđa tšeeli), an incredibly vulnerable Finno-Ugric language that is right on the brink of extinction. Today, it is spoken by only a few elderly people in a couple of villages in the Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia.For those who haven't heard of it, Votic belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. If you know any Estonian, Votic will sound remarkably familiar to you—the two languages share a massive amount of vocabulary and grammatical structures, making them very closely related. It also shares noticeable similarities with Finnish, though to a slightly lesser extent than with Estonian.Because there are no younger generations learning Votic natively, it is classified as critically endangered. It’s a beautiful, rich language with a unique history, but sadly, it might completely disappear within our lifetime if nothing changes.I’m really passionate about preserving and documenting rare languages, so I actually started a dedicated channel about this topic. You can check it out here:
https://youtube.com/shorts/rANwH6iKhB0?si=UIDszTw4_gZ7XTkU
I also recently made a video where I attempt to speak Votic myself! You can watch my progress and hear how the language sounds here: https://youtube.com/@kvfuw?si=wnEBQZJ1cL1ssw84
I'd love to hear your thoughts or feedback.Have any of you ever come across Votic or studied other highly endangered Finnic languages?
A empresa aérea Air Atlanta Icelandic, baseada na Islândia, voltou a ser contratada para alocar um de seus enormes aviões Jumbo Jets em uma operação cargueira não regular (fretamento) para o Brasil.
Segundo dados consultados pelo AEROIN no sistema de voos programados da Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (Anac), a companhia deve enviar um Boeing 747 para o Aeroporto Internacional Gilberto Freyre, no Recife (PE), nos próximos dias.
Na sexta-feira, dia 4 de setembro, um Boeing 747-400F deverá chegar ao Aeroporto dos Guararapes vindo direto de Madri, na Espanha, no voo ABD-4486. A chegada ao Brasil está agendada para as 15h00.
Depois, a previsão é de que o Jumbo da Air Atlanta decole do Aeroporto de Recife às 18h00 do mesmo dia. O voo será o ABD-4887, com destino a Liège, na Bélgica.
Toda a operação acima descrita é uma previsão, podendo sofrer alterações ou cancelamento a critério das partes envolvidas.
Segundo informações às quais o AEROIN teve acesso a partir de uma fonte relacionada à operação, o Boeing 747 trará um motor aeronáutico, que será utilizado em um avião que está parado no Aeroporto Internacional de Natal, em São Gonçalo do Amarante (RN).
Os momentos do pouso e da decolagem poderão ser vistos na câmera ao vivo do canal “Papa Charlie Golf” no YouTube.
Between the valleys of the Calabrian Aspromonte and the Ionian coast, an ancient language endures, recounting millennia of stories, migrations, and identities. It is Calabrian Greek—a tongue that sounds both familiar and foreign, like a distant echo that refuses to fade away.
This language, a direct descendant of Ancient Greek, is currently the focus of renewed interest among younger generations, who are determined to preserve a millennia-old cultural heritage despite the numerous challenges they face.
Calabrian Greek or Grecanic or Greko (in Grecanic: γλώσσα γραίκα της Καλαβρία, glóssa graíca tis Kalavría) is a Hellenic language spoken in the Calabria region of Italy.
With around 2,000 speakers remaining, Grecanico risks disappearing into silence.
It is recognized by UNESCO as an endangered language and is protected by Italian law as a linguistic minority.
Calabrian Greek is one of the two Hellenic languages spoken in Italy (the other being "Griko," spoken in Puglia). Both languages are now on the verge of extinction, and the Calabrian Greeks—descendants of the early Greek settlers who arrived in the region starting in the 8th century BC—are striving to preserve their language.
The language was spoken throughout southern Calabria until the 16th century, eventually being replaced first by the Romance dialect and later by Italian.
This language is a living testament to the ancient Greek presence in Southern Italy, dating back to the era of Magna Graecia and the Byzantine period.
Just think: when people converse in Grecanico, they are using words that could be understood by an inhabitant of ancient Greece.
What is remarkable is that this ancient language never completely disappeared, not even when the Romans arrived. This was demonstrated by Gerhard Rohlfs, the great German linguist who dedicated his life to studying this heritage—and whom you can learn more about today at the Museum of the Greco-Calabrian Language in Bova, which is named after him.
Inspired by Rohlfs' efforts, a group of university students sought to further raise the profile of this language by publishing a booklet titled "La Ionica." This was the first organized initiative aimed at protecting the language. In 1970, the group founded a cultural association named "La Ionica," and the booklet evolved into a magazine featuring poetry and prose in both Italian and Calabrian Greek. The association also established ties with Greek speakers in Grecìa Salentina (in Puglia) to form the UGIM (Union of Greeks of Southern Italy), with the aim of jointly safeguarding the region's bilingualism and advocating for formal state recognition in areas such as bilingual road signage.
This language is neither a modern Greek dialect nor a mere vernacular, but an evolved form of Byzantine and Classical Greek that has endured through the centuries thanks to oral transmission. Grecanico preserves many characteristics of Ancient Greek at both the lexical and grammatical levels.
Calabrian Greek is the living voice of a history spanning millennia, a thread linking present-day Calabria to its Hellenic soul.
Calabrian Greek experienced periods of decline, particularly in the post-World War II era, when heavy internal and external migration depopulated many small towns in the Aspromonte region. However, thanks to the efforts of linguists, activists, and institutions, the language is now the subject of renewed interest.
"To ddomadi Greko – Greko Week" is the first and only Grecanico summer school featuring language lessons and excursions across the territory of Greek Calabria.
Projects like this represent a concrete hope for the survival of Calabrian Greek. Indeed, the language is not merely a means of communication, but a bridge between past and future—a symbol of identity that unites the local community and opens it up to the world.
“Keeping this language alive is important not only from a historical perspective but also from an emotional one. We are doing everything we can to prevent this language from dying out,” says Pantaleone Danilo Brancati, president of the "Jalò tu Vùa" association, which represents the Greeks of Calabria in the area surrounding the small town of Bova Marina.
On one hand, the oldest guardians of the language are disappearing, and on the other, young people are emigrating; yet, with a handful of young people remaining in the area, Brancati is at the forefront of efforts to prevent the Greek language of Calabria from dying out.
Against all odds, a growing number of young people in Calabria are rediscovering their roots through the study of Grecanic.
The motivations driving these young people are manifold. For some, it is a matter of identity and pride in their roots. Others are fascinated by the linguistic and cultural richness that Grecanico represents. Yet for all of them, there is the awareness that they are taking part in a mission of vital importance: saving an irreplaceable piece of the Italian and European cultural mosaic from oblivion.
The story of the young people studying Grecanico is a powerful testament to cultural resilience and the importance of linguistic diversity. Through their passion and determination, these young men and women are demonstrating that even the most ancient languages can have a future. Their commitment reminds us that every language is an invaluable treasure of knowledge and identity, worthy of preservation for future generations.
Caught between nostalgia and hope, the future of the Grecanico language remains uncertain. Yet, the community continues to fight to ensure this cultural treasure is not forgotten.
>The death of a language should always be met with mourning; a bit of human culture and history dies with it.
Some words in the Grecanic language:
https://youtu.be/Z2hF-Bd9XTM?si=mGzQ5kzrfv2a3Ixn
Greek-Calabrian Dictionary: http://grekopedia.eu/index.php/select-language/linguas1#b
Calabrian Greek for beginners: https://grekopedia.info/catalogo/7502/
NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA —With less than 20 native speakers left, the Paakantyi community is finding ways to preserve its culture and language.
The Paakantyi (also known as Barkindji) is an Australian Indigenous community from the Darling River region of what is now New South Wales (NSW).
Now, the language is considered critically endangered by the Endangered Languages Project (ELP).
“You can’t have the language without the culture," said Amanda King, a member of the Paakantyi community. King taught the language, which she learned from her father-in-law, at Menindee Central School for over five years. “It is a part of who we are.”
In modern-day Australia, nearly 90% of Aboriginal languages are endangered, according to the National Archives of Australia (NAA). However, this issue is not isolated in Australia. The ELP states there are over 3,000 endangered languages worldwide, about 43% of today’s languages.
The Paakantyi, similar to other Indigenous communities, were stripped of their cultural identity during Australia’s assimilation policies during the 20th century, according to the Australian Museum. Indigenous children were removed from their homes, forced to assimilate, and were prohibited from speaking their native tongue.
Now, Indigenous communities, like the Paakantyi, across Australia are making efforts to revitalize their languages through the schools, community organized associations, and art.
In 2014, the NSW Department of Education added Paakantyi to many schools' core curriculum, according to the department.
Faith Baisden, a member of the Yugambeh community, is an author and director of Banibar Books, which provides teachers and communities with children's books in a variety of Aboriginal languages.
After working nationally with the first languages, Baisden noticed the lack of linguistic resources in communities.
“These are the oldest spoken languages on the planet, and it's just a complete disaster if Australia loses them, or if the world loses them,” Baisden said.
To combat the lack of resources available for learning Aboriginal languages, Baisden focused her energy on children’s books. Banibar Books sells print copies as well as CDs on its website and in book stores. For instructors, “teacher packs” include curriculum notes and multiple print copies.
“To bring it back, we have to start teaching children again,” Baisden said. “Children are wonderful learners.”
Working alongside community members, Baisden structured her stories to be easily adaptable to different languages. She has written and sold children’s language books in Paakantyi, Awabakal (from the Newcastle/Southeastern region), and her community's language, Yugambeh (from the Gold Coast/Eastern region).
“It's about establishing identity and pride in your heritage. It's about the uniqueness of your own family and your own history,” Baisden said. “We want to see pride in the faces of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children acknowledging that their history and their family are really important.”
Murray Butcher learned the language from his great-grandmother, Sarah, and is now a semi-fluent speaker. Butcher started his career as a cultural consultant at Wilcannia Central School, then moved on to Murray Health as a CEO. Butcher now serves as the Aboriginal student support for Technical and Further Education (TAFE) in Broken Hill, Australia’s first Heritage Town, in New South Wales.
In the early 2010s, Butcher founded the Paakantyi Language Sharing Circle to inspire members of the Paakantyi community to learn their native tongue outside the schools.
The group still meets in 2025, and has about 20 members, although Butcher is no longer actively involved.
“Language is key to your identity, it's a key to who you are. And when you got language, you know who you are,” Butcher said.
Butcher advocates for more community-led language revitalization.
“Our people need to take control again of our language and teach it, not in the classroom, but where the language lives and breeds in the country and through practicing culture, through fishing, through hunting, through interacting with family and all those kinds of things,” Butcher said. “That is where our language will survive, not through the school.”
There are not many native speakers left. Butcher knows about five. King knows only one.
Paakantyi is just one of numerous Indigenous languages at critical risk of extinction.
“A lot of people say Aboriginal languages are in danger of being lost, and we Barkindji people always said it was sleeping, and it was our job to reawaken it,” King said.
Through the perseverance of the Paakantyi, like many other Aboriginal communities, their language, stories, and culture are being reclaimed.
“We need to take that ownership back,” Butcher said.
His advice to other endangered languages: "Speak it. Speak it, and don’t let it go to a whisper.”
Voi parlate già due lingue.
E non sto parlando dell'inglese. La seconda lingua è quella con cui avete litigato con vostra madre, cantato in osteria e chiamato il gatto: il vostro dialetto.
Che non è un dialetto. È una lingua vera, romanza, sorella dell'italiano e non sua figlia. Questo video prova a dimostrarvi una cosa che a scuola non ci dicono mai: se siete cresciuti parlando italiano e dialetto, siete cresciuti di fatto bilingui, e l'Italia è l'unico paese d'Europa con una ricchezza linguistica del genere.
Hello Reddit!
I am a native speaker of the Ainu language. As you may know, Ainu is a language isolate and is currently classified as critically endangered by UNESCO.
I grew up speaking/learning it from my grandfather.
Since it is a very rare language, I wanted to open this thread to answer any questions you might have about the Ainu language, its grammar, how it sounds, growing up bilingual, or Ainu culture in general.
Ask me anything!
Note: I might take some time to reply due to time zone differences, but I will try to answer as many questions as possible!
P.S. This AMA is meant to be a respectful and casual space for cultural exchange. Any form of trolling, harassment, or discriminatory comments will not be tolerated. Let's keep the conversation kind and welcoming for everyone!
Each language represents a different world of thought—centuries of accumulated wisdom. With the passing of a language's last speakers, the precious information it holds vanishes as well.
