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▲ 11 r/language+5 crossposts

Tulu (archaic/old) words with letter ೞ/ഴ

ಅೞ/അഴ

ಅವುೞ್/അവുഴ്

ಈರೇೞ್/ഈരേഴ്

ಉ್‌ೞೆ/ഉ്ഴെ

ಏಪೞ್ತಲ/ഏപഴ്തല

ಏೞ್ವೆರ್/ഏഴ്വെര്

ಒರ್ೞ್ತೆ/ഒഴ്ൎതെ

ಒೞ್ತ್‌ಳ್ಳ/ഒഴ്ത്ള്ള

ಒೞ್ತ್‌ಳ್ಳವೆನಿಲ/ഒഴ്ത്ള്ളവെനില

ಒೞ್ಪ/ഒഴ്പ

ಓೞ್ತ್/ഓഴ്ത്

ಕೞಿನಾಟ್ಟಕ್/കഴിനാട്ടക്

ಕೞ್ತಲೆ/കഴ്തലെ

ಕೇೞ್/കേഴ്

ಕೊೞ್/കൊഴ്

ಕೊೞಿ/കൊഴി

ಜಾವೊೞ್ತಿ/ജാവുഴ്തി

ಜಾವೊರ್ೞ್ತಿ/ജാവുഴ്ൎതി

ತಿಗ್‌ೞ್/തിഗ്ഴ്

ಪಗೞಿ/പഗഴി

ಪೊೞ್ತ್/പൊഴ്ത്

ಬೞ್/ബഴ്

ಬೞ್ತೆನ್/ബഴ്തിന്

ಬೆೞ್ಪಾಕೂ/ബെഴ്വാകൂ

ಬೋೞ್ತಿ/ബോഴ്തി

ಮಗ್‌ೞಲ/മഗ്ഴല

ಮಗ್‌ೞ್ತೊರಿ/മഗ്ഴ്തൊരി

ಮೞಿಯಾಲ/മഴിയാല

ವೊೞ್ತ್‌ಳ್ಳ/വൊഴ്ത്ള്ള

ಶಿಗ್‌ೞ್/ശിഗ്ഴ്

ಶುೞ್ಯಿ/ശുഴ്യി

ಷೞ್ಗಿಣೊ/ഷഴ്ഗിണൊ

ಸ್ದ್‌ತ್ತೞ್ತ್‌ತೆರ್/സ്ദ്ത്തഴ്ത്തെര്

ಸ್ದ್‌ೞಿತರ್ಪಿ/സ്ദ്ഴിതൎപി

reddit.com
u/tuluva_sikh — 6 hours ago
▲ 38 r/language

Is reading 19th-century classics actually helpful for language acquisition, or just too archaic?

I’m currently diving into Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities to challenge my English and expand my vocabulary. While I absolutely love the rhythm and atmosphere of Victorian prose, I sometimes wonder if internalizing these older sentence structures and archaic phrasings is practical for modern fluency.
What are your thoughts on using classic literature for language learning? Do you prefer sticking to contemporary books, or do you find older prose rewarding?

u/sioxxxx — 21 hours ago
▲ 4 r/language+1 crossposts

Does anybody recognize/understand this language?

Hello everybody.I'm looking for more information about the language in this video. I know it's labeled as "Domari," but honestly, having had the chance to listen to Domari before, this really doesn't sound anything like it . I fear that whoever uploaded the video just labeled it as Domari because the language may belong to a group of people relatively similar to the Dom. But, as I already said it doesn't really sound like Domari to me. To my untrained ears, it sounds a lot like Farsi. Can any Farsi speakers here confirm that? And in general, is there anyone here who knows more about this language?

youtu.be
u/Frequent_Frosting681 — 1 day ago
▲ 83 r/language+1 crossposts

Would someone explain what the hell are these in the red circles?

They’re neither part of any letter nor diacritic marks.

u/Sufficient-Fly-4011 — 2 days ago
▲ 76 r/language+1 crossposts

what does this mean

a lil girl left this on my doorstep

she always asks me for money

u/Secret-Car-5888 — 2 days ago
▲ 12 r/language

Köroğlu: Azerbaijani Folk Epic, (1965)

Note: in Azerbaijani (Cyrillic script)

"Köroğlu" ("Son of the Blind Man") is the great heroic epic of the Azerbaijani people, crystallizing by the seventeenth century out of songs and legends surrounding a historical or semi-historical hero who led a band of rebels against Ottoman and local oppression from his mountain stronghold of Chanlibel, mounted on his legendary horse Girat.

u/StanzaRareBooks — 1 day ago
▲ 55 r/language+1 crossposts

Do you secretly judge people who never learnt a second language?

I'm not saying i do, certainly not older generation, but seeing as how easy English came to me just by engaging with the media, when i see my peers who don't understand ANY English whatsoever, at the very least i feel like it's weird that they haven't learnt anything at all

reddit.com
u/AutumnaticFly — 2 days ago
▲ 6 r/language+5 crossposts

GoJiKanDoku v1.1 is now available on iOS — Thank you for waiting! (Kanji details, export preview, faster PDFs)

Thank you to everyone who tested the app, reported bugs, and shared feedback. The new update is finally live on iOS!

GoJiKanDoku (語辞漢読) started as a personal tool to help me read Japanese books and review vocabulary through printable study materials. Your suggestions helped shape this release.

🆕 What’s new in v1.1

🔍 Kanji Detail Screen
Tap the 漢 button on any word card.
View meanings, On’yomi, Kun’yomi, Nanori, JLPT level, grade, radical, stroke count, and related vocabulary.
Navigate between kanji inside multi-kanji words.

👀 Export Preview
See exactly what will be exported before generating PDFs.
Include or exclude words individually.
Re-export with different selections anytime.
Your original history is never modified.

⚡ Faster PDF Generation
Search History (SH): ~5–10 seconds
Word Exercise (WE): ~5–10 seconds
Kanji Practice Sheet (KPS): ~5–10 seconds
Kanji List (KL): ~20–30 seconds depending on size.

💾 Smaller PDF Files
Reduced from roughly 15 MB to around 3 MB per export.
Easier sharing and storage without sacrificing quality.

📚 Four Study PDFs
Search History (SH) — review everything you’ve searched.
Kanji List (KL) — meanings, readings, names, related vocabulary, JLPT information.
Kanji Practice Sheet (KPS) — handwriting practice and your own example sentences.
Word Exercise (WE) — synonyms, antonyms, word forms, notes, and self-review.

🎨 Improved Design
Better spacing and readability.
Support for Original, Light, and Dark themes.
Numerous bug fixes and stability improvements.

📱 Availability
✅ Available now on iOS (App Store)
🟢 Android version is ready, but I’m still looking for testers before the wider release. If you’d like to help, please let me know.

⚠️** Note for older devi**ces
The dictionary itself works on older phones, but large PDF exports may not work reliably on very old devices (for example, iPhone 6/7 and some low-memory Android phones). Modern devices should have no problems.
Thank you again for your patience and support. More features are already being planned, including pronunciation audio, stroke-order animations, improved name recognition, and optional repeated-kanji filtering.
Feedback, bug reports, and ideas are always welcome!

#Japanese #LearnJapanese #JLPT #Kanji #LanguageLearning #JapaneseLanguage #StudyJapanese #JapaneseStudy #ReactNative #IndieDev #iOSApp #AppStore #GoJiKanDoku #語辞漢読 #Japanesedictionary

u/Even-Ad5911 — 2 days ago
▲ 3 r/language+1 crossposts

Against the theory of Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂- 'big, great' & *méǵh₂- 'little, small'

Against the theory of Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂- 'big, great' & *méǵh₂- 'little, small' (Draft)

Sean Whalen

stlatos@yahoo.com

July 3, 2026

In https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mažas Lithuanian mãžas 'little, small' is said to be:

>

Etymology From Proto-Balto-Slavic *maźas, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”), with an inverted semantic shift from "big" > "small"

>

citing "Wojciech Smoczyński (2018), “mažas”, in Lithuanian Etymological Dictionary". For Latvian mazs 'small, little, short, low', in https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mazs :

>

From Proto-Baltic *maźas, from Proto-Indo-European *meǵʰ-, *moǵʰ- (“big, small, i.e., size extremes)”). Cognates include Lithuanian mãžas, Sudovian maz, Old Prussian massais ([mazais], “smaller”), Gothic (magus, “boy (i.e., little)”), Old English micel (“large, big, great”) (English much), Albanian madh (“big”), Old Armenian (mec, “great, large”), Sanskrit (mahá, “great, mighty, strong, abundant”), Old Irish maige (“great, large”), Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “big, large”), Latin magnus (“big”).

>

from "Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “mazs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca".

Neither idea makes any sense. A word for "size extremes" seems very unlikely. Some of the most basic roots in most languages are 'big' & 'small'. Whatever the origin of human language, having words of opposite meaning be identical would not lead to survival benefits. Also, a root *meǵʰ- as the source of mégas is also backwards (*méǵh₂- sometimes had CH > Ch(H), no known regularity). This is seen in *meǵh₂-món- > S. mah(i)mán- \ majmán- 'greatness'. The loss of *-H- (some say in *CHmn, so only in the weak cases) happened before CH > ChH, creating a stage *mahimán-, *majmn-, which was "fixed" by analogy in several ways (or any similar path).

Why would *méǵh₂- \ *méǵhh₂- seem to have 2 opposite meanings? In https://www.academia.edu/165248349 I said that Indo-European had many roots with *mw- & *my- that became *m- in later languages. They can be detected when the 0-grade had -u- instead of -0- (*mw(e)zg- > *mezg- \ *muzg- 'marrow', etc.). Many of the words starting with *mw- are for 'big', etc., and *my- for 'small'. This would fit if *mwéǵh₂- 'big' & *myéǵh₂- 'small' once existed, later often merging as *méǵh₂-. Greek sometimes turned *w > h, so *mwéǵh₂-lo- > mhegalo- would fit (this variant has never had any regular explanation before).

My *my- 'small' with 0-grade *mi- in *mi-nu- 'decrease, lessen', etc. Its origin from *my- is seen in *mye-nu-yos- 'smaller, lesser' with y-y dissimilation, maybe in *myenuyos- > *myeniyos- > *myenos- > *minos- > Latin minus, minor 'less; lesser; inferior; smaller'. If *minyos- > Slavic *mьňьjь 'smaller, lesser' is not later analogy, then maybe the stages were *myenuyos- > *myiniyos- (with y-y dissimilation only in IE branches).

My *mwéǵh₂- would also have its *w preserved due to metathesis in *mwéǵh₂- > *méwǵh₂- > Iranian *mawz-. This in, from https://www.academia.edu/168805343 :

>

A root *mog^h- would be needed for Ar. mozanam ‘become large/mighty / increase’ (a verb <- from adj. like mec -> mecarem *‘think great/high(ly)’ > ‘honor’) if inherited. However, many Ar. words are loans from Iranian... IE words for 'big' with *m- really came from *mw-. If *mweg^H2- 'big' existed, then met. in Iranian *mwaz- \ *mawz- > *maz- \ *mo:z- would allow mozanam to have an IE origin.

&gt;

reddit.com
u/stlatos — 2 days ago
▲ 1 r/language

We’re looking for B1 English learners to try our curse

Hi everyone! 😊

We recently launched our interactive B1 English course and already have a few learners testing it and sharing really helpful feedback. The course includes 74 lessons with speaking practice, listening, writing, grammar, vocabulary, and instant feedback. We’d now like to invite a few more B1 learners to try it for free for 7 days. If you’re around B1 level and genuinely interested in improving your English, send us a message. 😊

reddit.com
u/Jo-Luk — 2 days ago
▲ 18 r/language+4 crossposts

I built a free Hungarian language learning app! NyelvKert

Hi everyone, I’ve been building a Hungarian language-learning app called NyelvKert, and I’m releasing the first public version. This is the product of the many years I have spend learning languages and never being satisfied with the apps and programs out there.

The idea behind NyelvKert is to create a structured, desktop-based Hungarian course that goes beyond simple flashcards or surface level content. It is designed as a full learning path from beginner material into more advanced grammar and usage, with lessons organized by unit and CEFR levels.

The app includes:

  • structured Hungarian lessons
  • vocabulary study and review
  • grammar-focused practice
  • reading and listening activities
  • writing and speaking prompts
  • unit tests and progress tracking
  • translation-tile exercises where you build Hungarian sentences from word tiles
  • optional AI-assisted grading for certain open-ended exercises
  • local progress storage, so learners can work through the course over time

My goal is to make something useful for people who are serious about learning Hungarian but want more structure than scattered resources, YouTube videos, or random flashcard decks.

This is very much a v1 project. I’ve built out the course content and the app is working well enough that I’m releasing it to the public, but I’d love feedback from people who care about Hungarian learning, language pedagogy, app testing, or just want to try it and tell me what feels confusing or useful.

I’d especially be interested in hearing from:

  • Hungarian learners
  • native Hungarian speakers
  • teachers/tutors
  • people experienced with language-learning apps
  • people willing to test a Windows desktop app
  • developers who might want to help improve the project

If anyone would like to help test it, review content, give feedback, or contribute ideas, feel free to message me. I’d really appreciate it.

Thanks!

https://github.com/wlandis77-cmd/NylevKert/releases/tag/v1.0.0

u/Wise_Egg4521 — 2 days ago
▲ 10 r/language+1 crossposts

MAN in some Austronesian languages

The Proto-Austronesian word for "man" is *ma-RuqaNay. We can find some descendants in some languages of Taiwan and in the eastern side of the Malayo-Polynesian speaking zone. Oddly, this word was lost in most western Malayo-Polynesian languages, replaced by a new word, *la-laki, as in Malagasy lehilahy, Chamorro låhi, Malay lelaki, or Tagalog lalaki.

How do you say "man" and "male" in your language?

u/Resident-Outside9945 — 2 days ago
▲ 44 r/language

Can someone identify the bottom two languages from these images?

I can identify, in order of top to bottom, Russian, German, French, and English, but what are the bottom two?

u/Red_Rev1818 — 3 days ago
▲ 8 r/language+1 crossposts

Figo

Found this old Real Madrid Figo Jersey in a charity shop. But I’m not sure what language and what it says can anyone help a brother out

u/No-Light699 — 3 days ago