Toki Pona is a minimalist language with just over a hundred words, and this grammar book explains its own grammar using such simple language.

I wrote this textbook because I want people to know that Toki Pona is not just a toy language, but a language with full expressive capabilities.

> This post has been reposted due to an issue with the link's image.

sitelen suli pi ken jan (La Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen)

jan lawa mute pi ma Kanse, li pali e kulupu ma, li pilin e ni "ike tawa ken jan li tan taso pi ike kulupu". tawa ni "jan en lawa li sona e ken jan suli" la, ona mute li toki pana e ken sewi jan lon sitelen suli ni, tawa jan ale, tawa pona kulupu.

sitelen wan

jan li lon, li sama, li ken pali e ale. ante kulupu li ken lon tan wile kulupu taso.

sitelen tu

kulupu lawa ale li lon tan ken jan. ken ni li ni : jan li ken pali e ale, li ken jo e mani, li ken lon pona awen, li ken utala tawa lawa ike.

sitelen tu wan

kulupu pi jan ma taso li lawa e wawa lawa. kulupu li pana ala la, jan li jo ala e wawa lawa, li ken ala kepeken e wawa ni.

sitelen tu tu

jan li ken pali e ale, taso li ken ala ike e jan ante. ken jan li jo e pini tan pona pi jan ale. sitelen lawa taso li ken lawa e pini ni.

sitelen luka

sitelen lawa li ken pini e pakala tawa kulupu taso. sitelen lawa li awen la, jan li ken. sitelen lawa li toki wile ala e ijo la, jan li wile ala pali e ijo ni.

sitelen luka wan

sitelen lawa li lon tan wile kulupu. jan ale li ken pana e wawa tawa pali pi sitelen lawa. jan ale li sama tawa sitelen lawa.

sitelen luka tu

sitelen lawa li lawa ala la, jan li ken ala apeja. jan li apeja e jan ante tan sitelen lawa ala la, jan ni li apeja. jan apeja tan sitelen lawa li ken ala utala e lawa.

sitelen luka tu wan

sitelen apeja li sitelen e pali apeja. sitelen apeja li lon lon tenpo kama pi pali apeja la, pali ni li apeja ala. sitelen apeja li lon lon tenpo monsi pi pali apeja la, pali ni li apeja.

sitelen luka tu tu

lawa tan sitelen lawa li lawa ala e ni "jan ni li apeja lon" la, jan ni li apeja ala, lawa en jan ante li ken ala pakala e jan ni.

sitelen luka luka

toki jan li pakala ala e kulupu e sitelen lawa la, jan li ken toki e ale.

sitelen luka luka wan

toki sona en toki pilin li suli mute tawa ken jan. jan ale li ken toki li ken sitelen li ken pana e pilin tawa jan ante. taso jan li ken ala kepeken e ken ni tan pakala. sitelen lawa li lawa e ni "seme li pakala".

sitelen luka luka tu

awen pi ken jan li wile e wawa kulupu. wawa kulupu ni li lon tan pona pi jan ale.

sitelen luka luka tu wan

jan li wile pana e mani tawa lawa ma tan awen pi wawa kulupu. lawa li lawa e nanpa mani wile tan nanpa mani jan.

sitelen luka luka tu tu

jan ale li ken sona e ni "mani pana tawa kulupu li wile ala wile", li ken awen anu awen ala pana e mani, li ken sona e kepeken mani, li ken lawa e kepeken mani.

sitelen luka luka luka

kulupu li ken toki alasa e ni "jan lawa li pali pona ala pona" tawa jan lawa.

sitelen luka luka luka wan

kulupu li awen ala e ken jan, li kipisi pona ala e wawa lawa la, ona li ken ala pali e sitelen lawa mama suli, li kama ike.

sitelen luka luka luka tu

mani jan li suli. lawa li ken ala lanpa e mani jan. taso lawa li ken jo e mani jan tan kulupu, kepeken nasin pona taso.

nanpa nimi pi toki pona li lili tan nanpa 200. jan li wile toki e ijo sin la, ona li wile wan e nimi mute pi toki pona. ni li suli, li ike tawa sona. mi ken ala pali e nimi sin tawa toki pona, taso toki pona li ken pali e ni : nimi wan. nimi wan li nimi suli, sama nimi ni: jan Toma, ma Antasika, ante mute.

mi toki pana e nasin ni : jan li pali e nimi wan, li toki e ni "nimi wan ni li seme", li kepeken e nimi wan ni. ni li sama ni : "ijo Aton li lili mute mute, li pali e ma ale".

tawa pakala ala la, ni li jo e lawa ni : ni "jan li kepeken taso e nimi pi toki pona" li suli ike anu ike tawa sona la, jan li ken pali e nimi wan, tan ni taso. jan li kepeken e nimi wan la, ona li wile toki e ni "nimi ni li seme".

jan ante li ken pilin e ni "nasin ni li pakala e lawa lili pi toki pona". taso mi pilin e ni "pona lon pi toki pona li lili ala, li toki e suli kepeken toki lili". kin la, mi pakala ala e lawa toki pi toki pona.

Recently, I was thinking about designing a card game. It reminded me of a game I often played during my childhood: War. Honestly, it’s just a silly game. All the players have to do is turn over their cards and compare their values; whoever runs out of cards first loses.

Then, I thought of the two main strategies employed in actual warfare: attack and defence. So, following this line of reasoning, I devised an improved version of ‘War’, which I called ‘War: Attack and Defence’.

The rules of this game are simple: there are two players, each with their own deck of cards. On each turn, both players look at their own cards, then decide whether to attack or defend. They then reveal their cards simultaneously and state their strategy, after which the outcome is determined by comparing their strategies and cards.

Although it may seem simple, I've actually designed the game to be highly challenging for players in the later stages.

Here are the detailed rules; this game can be played using a standard deck of poker cards:

Poker: War of Attack and Defence

Rules of the Game

1. For two players.
2. No jokers.
3. Shuffle the cards and deal half to each player.
4. Each turn, the two players:
   1. Pick up the top card from their hand and check its value.
   2. Decide the battle strategy: Attack or Defend.
   3. Once the decision has been made, players must simultaneously announce their strategy and play their cards; no going back.
   4. Determine the outcome based on both players' strategies and cards (see the Judgment section).
5. The winner of the turn takes their played card back and takes the card played by the opponent; if they need to take a second card, they take the top card from the opponent's hand.
   1. Do not reveal the value of the second card won (the top card of the opponent's hand) and keep it face down.
6. Won cards (including those you have played) are placed at the bottom of your hand
   1. The order in which the cards are placed is as follows: your own cards are at the bottom, followed by the cards played by your opponent, and then the top card of your opponent's hand.
7. The first player to run out of cards loses.

Judgment

• Both sides attack: the player with the higher card wins two cards; if it is a tie, neither player wins any cards, and the cards are returned to the bottom of their own deck.
• One side attacks, the other defends:
  • If the attacker's card is higher, the attacker wins one card.
  • If the defender's card is higher, the defender wins one card.
  • In a draw, the defender wins one card.
• Both players defend: swap the cards they have played and return them to the bottom of their decks.

Card Rankings

• 2 < 3 < 4 < 5 < 6 < 7 < 8 < 9 < 10 < J < Q < K < A
• Only 2 can beat A.

Strategy

In a single turn, if a player knows their card is stronger than their opponent's, they attack; if they know their card is weaker or equal to their opponent's, they defend.

However, when viewed from a broader perspective, players can actively control the order of cards by opting for either an attack or defence, thereby gaining an advantage, rather than simply focusing on the maximum number of cards drawn in a single turn.

Special Modes

Minimal Mode

Play with only two suits, reducing the deck from 52 cards to 26.

This can significantly reduce the cognitive load on players.

Fair Mode

Both players have the same cards and the same card order, while the cards are still shuffled randomly.

This ensures fairness in the game, making strategy and calculation the only factors determining victory or defeat.

Open-card Mode

Both players' cards are laid out face up, while the order of the cards still follows the rules.

This means the game no longer relies on memory, but focuses purely on strategy.

Over the past few weeks, I have been writing and translating the textbook The Basic Grammar of Ido on Wikibooks.

This book is primarily aimed at beginners and covers the majority of grammar content. It may contain some errors or omissions, and anyone wishing to modify, expand or translate it is welcome to do so.

It is currently available in three languages: English, French and Chinese.

• The Basic Grammar of Ido
• La grammaire fondamentale de l'ido
• 伊多语基本语法