Image 1 — 托福比雅思简单 15.87% 左右
Image 2 — 托福比雅思简单 15.87% 左右
Image 3 — 托福比雅思简单 15.87% 左右
▲ 23 r/runEuropaAlliance+1 crossposts

托福比雅思简单 15.87% 左右

原图于:http://GitHub.com/clareLab/st-coab/st-compare

以前发过类似的贴:

这次相当于是一个比较完全的整理吧

我本人是雅思 7.5,没考过托福,日语 N3 且在学,德语和意大利语则是过了 A1 后就弃了(截至 2026 年 6 月)

本文默认你接受以下几个前提

  • 同赛道的中国考生水平大致相同,比如说托福(TOEFL)和雅思(IELTS)的考生水平分布应当大致相同
  • 项目选取的是欧陆日韩小语种国家的项目,其它地区也有更轮椅的,比如北美的 Duolingo、澳洲的 PTE 和欧洲的 Linguaskill,不过也是出于数据完整性以及个人熟悉度等综合考量,所以选取了图中的那些项目

同项目对比考生门槛分段分布

  • 托福比雅思简单 15.87%
  • ACT 比 SAT 简单 20.96%

然后是语言分数达标率对比

  • 英语 TOEFL 90:46.25%
  • 英语 IELTS 6.5:31.64%
  • 日语 EJU 日本語 280:25.22%
  • 德语 TestDaF 4xTDN4:12.00%

大致来说难度是:

  • 德语 >> 日语 > 英语

不过考虑到人均 9~12 年英语教育,实际估计是:

  • 德语 >> 英语 >= 日语

同其它语言的对比可见图 2

当然,难度和达标率不是线性相关的,比如说从考生末位 5% 往答题卡踩一脚,靠鞋底灰搞不好都能涨 5%,但是想从首位 5% 精进就很难了

估计实际差距是大于(如果不是远大于)15.87% 的

u/No-Lab4175 — 8 days ago

I Built a Website Visualizing Scholar Migration Across the World

Website

Methodology

Dataset

  • ORCID Public Data Files 2025

Main Text

Overall, this Open Scholar Ranking project is just me doing some interesting analysis with some interesting data. The current output analyzes which countries, cities, and institutions are best for people of different nationalities to stay in.

The following explanation is from GPT-5.5; I was too lazy to type it out myself:

What is Arrival? Arrival means "the people/weight who have reached this destination."

The destination here can be at three levels: country, city, or institution. Strictly speaking, it's not a raw headcount, but an arrival mass weighted by the confidence of the ORCID record; when posting, you can just say "roughly understood as the number of arrivals."

Example:

  • A person's origin is China, and they later went to the University of Tokyo in Japan.
  • Then Japan gets 1 arrival, Tokyo gets 1 arrival, and the University of Tokyo gets 1 arrival.
  • If the record's confidence level is 0.8, then it's 0.8 weighted arrivals.

What is Stay? Stay measures: after reaching this destination, did the person subsequently move to another country?

Note: Stay evaluates whether the "country movement continues," not whether they "stayed at the exact same university forever."

Example 1:

  • A: CN Bachelor's -> JP Master's -> JP PhD -> JP Job
  • For JP, Japanese cities, and Japanese institutions, as long as A did not leave Japan after arriving, this counts as a successful stay.
  • If out of 100 people with subsequent records, 80 didn't leave the country later on, stay = 80%.

Example 2:

  • B: CN Bachelor's -> JP Master's -> US PhD
  • After arriving in Japan, B later moved to the US.
  • Therefore, for Japan, the city he was in, and the institution he was at in Japan, the stay failed.

What is No return? No return measures: after reaching this destination, did the person subsequently return to their home country?

Example 1:

  • C: CN -> JP -> US
  • C did not return to China.
  • For Japan, no return is successful; for the US, it is also successful.

Example 2:

  • D: CN -> JP Master's -> CN PhD -> US Job
  • D returned to China later.
  • So the no return for this Japanese experience failed.
  • Even if D went to the US later, it doesn't change the conclusion that "this stint in Japan didn't prevent him from returning home."

This is a great way to explain it to international students:
Stay looks at "whether you stayed in the local country"; No return looks at "whether you avoided going back to your home country."

Why doesn't the last node count for stay / no return? If a person's final record is:

  • CN -> JP

And there are no subsequent records, we don't know if they actually stayed in Japan, or if the data just stopped tracking them.

So this JP will count as an arrival, but it won't be used to determine stay or no return.
This is called right-censoring, simply put: "No subsequent evidence, no blind guessing."

How are countries, cities, and institutions calculated together? Example:

  • E: CN -> JP Kyoto University -> JP University of Tokyo -> US MIT

This person first enters Japan, and then moves internally from Kyoto to Tokyo.
The algorithm will consider:

  • Japan: has one arrival
  • Kyoto: has one arrival
  • Kyoto University: has one arrival
  • Tokyo: also has one arrival
  • University of Tokyo: also has one arrival

E later went to the US, so the stay failed for these Japan-related nodes.
But if E did not return to China, then the no return is successful for these Japan-related nodes.

How is the Tier calculated? The Tier in the Institution table is not the original global ranking, but mobility's own tier.

First, give each institution a mobility score:

mobility score = (stay + no return) / 2

Example:

  • Institution A: stay = 90%, no return = 80%, score = 85%
  • Institution B: stay = 60%, no return = 90%, score = 75%
  • Institution C: stay = 40%, no return = 50%, score = 45%

Then sort them by this score from highest to lowest, and use recursive tertiles to divide them into R1, R2, R3, and R4.
You can roughly understand it as:

  • R1: Strongest mobility retention/no-return institutions
  • R2: Strong
  • R3: Medium
  • R4: Weak

TL;DR Arrival looks at "how many people have been here"; Stay looks at "whether they continued to stay in this country after arriving"; No return looks at "whether they returned to their home country after arriving"; Tier combines an institution's Stay and No return, categorizing them from R1 to R4.

u/No-Lab4175 — 11 days ago

日本 171 所大学国际生留日就业率

日本一共是有 765 所高校,然后我目前是还在锐意补充中,预计到时候补充完整了会上线网站(图 3),当然这个进程会比较慢。总之现在先放 171 所的数据吧,也能看个大概

Scope 的话是非常严格的,就算是升学或者二润其它国家就职也在分母

说实话你觉得这个数据没意义说什么众生平等还是日语重要如此云云,大可以反着申

本文同步在 X 更新,那里的图也更清晰:x.com/c1areLab/status/2067535035473723399

u/No-Lab4175 — 18 days ago

Am I ready to start my career?

Even a short reply would be helpful. Thank you very much for your time!

My preference

  • LU/US > GUNS/DK/IE/CA > AT/CH/NO/JP > BE/FR/FI/KR > CZ/PL > IT > Others
  • Research / Data Driven > AI / DevOps > Backend / Full Stack > Other SE job

My questions

  1. Which tier or type of companties fits my background the most and should be considered as the main target? Better with examples
  2. What the main weakness appears to be at this stage, such as languages (though I am afraid I don't have the time to learn), experiences, GPA, or storytelling
  3. Whether my background feels broadly complete and ready for job hunting, or how far it still seems from being application-ready
  4. What's my best strategy if I want to get a fair job starting from March 2027?
  5. Would it be just better if I choose to do a master instead?

My info

  • My ID: Chinese citizenship with Italian student resident permit
  • My CV: See below

Curriculum Vitae

[Redacted]
He/Him/His (Mr.)
Email: [Redacted]

Education

Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science

University of Trento, Italy
Sep 2024 – Current

  • Average: 27/30
  • Total credits: 75/180

Experience

Research Intern
Ghent University, Belgium
Expected Sep 2026 – Dec 2026

  • [Redacted]
  • Supervised under Prof. [Redacted] and Prof. [Redacted]

Research / Backend Development Intern
Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy
Jan 2026 – Current

  • Social Data Analysis and Modeling
  • [Redacted]
  • Supervised under Dr. [Redacted] and Prof. [Redacted]

Selected Research

[1] [Redacted]
Solo Author
Under review.

[2] [Redacted]
Solo Author
Submitted Extended Abstract to [Redacted], Granada, Spain, 2026.

[3] [Redacted]
Solo Author
Submitted Extended Abstract to [Redacted], Copenhagen, Denmark, 2026.

[4] [Redacted]
First Author
Accepted for Oral Presentation at [Redacted], Kyoto, Japan, 2026.

[5] [Redacted]
Solo Author
Accepted for Poster Presentation at [Redacted], Boston, USA, 2026.

Projects

Open Scholar Ranking
Data analysis for rankings and mobility
Apr 2024 – Current

  • Peak hourly: 6.64k requests, 2.70 GB bandwidth, 330 unique visitors
  • Peak daily: 36.6k requests, 12.63 GB bandwidth, 1.54k unique visitors

Reddit Archive
Automated archiving system for Reddit
Sep 2025 – Nov 2025

  • Around 100 stars on GitHub

Awards

UniTrento Scholarships
2024/2025 – Current

  • Tuition fees exemption
  • 7,200 EUR/year funding

Scholarships for Long-term Erasmus+ Programme
2025/2026

  • 400 EUR/month

Certifications

Japanese
JLPT Level N3
Dec 2025

  • CEFR Level: A2
  • Total Score: 97/180

English
IELTS Academic
Jun 2025

  • CEFR Level: C1
  • Overall Band Score: 7.5/9

Additional Information

Interests: Complex Systems, Network Science, Computational Social Science.

Languages: Chinese (Native), English (C1), Japanese (A2), Italian (A1), German (A1a).

Outreach: Public-facing research presence with around 10k audience across platforms.

Revised on June 15, 2026

reddit.com
u/No-Lab4175 — 20 days ago
▲ 173 r/runEuropaAlliance+3 crossposts

初步解决 “去哪好润” 类的问题

网址

方法论

部署服务器是要钱的,打钱就是最大的支持

前言

具体这个数据都是怎么来的在网站页面上都有讲,我也不可能教你怎么用电脑,如果你连浏览网站都有困难的话你先打给我 200 欧我再教你。

正文

总的来说这个 Open Scholar Ranking 这个项目就是我用一些有趣的数据做一些有趣的分析这样,目前这个产出就是分析各国籍的人去哪些国家哪些城市哪些机构好留。

以下说明来自 GPT-5.5,我是懒得手打了:

Arrival 是什么
Arrival 就是“到达过这个目的地的人/权重”。

这里的目的地可以是国家、城市、机构三层。严格说它不是裸人数,而是按 ORCID 记录可信度加权后的 arrival mass;发帖时可以先说“近似理解为到达人数”。

例子:

  • 一个人原点是中国,后来去了日本东京大学。
  • 那么日本获得 1 个 arrival,东京获得 1 个 arrival,东京大学获得 1 个 arrival。
  • 如果记录置信度是 0.8,那就是 0.8 个加权 arrival。

Stay 是什么
Stay 衡量的是:到达这个目的地之后,这个人后来有没有再换国家。

注意,Stay 判断的是“国家是否继续移动”,不是“是否一直待在同一个学校”。

例子 1:

  • A:CN 本科 -> JP 硕士 -> JP 博士 -> JP 工作
  • 对 JP、日本城市、日本机构来说,只要 A 到达后后面没有再离开日本,这就是 stay 成功。
  • 如果 100 个有后续记录的人里 80 个后来没离开该国,stay = 80%。

例子 2:

  • B:CN 本科 -> JP 硕士 -> US 博士
  • B 到达日本后后来换到了美国。
  • 所以日本、他在日本的城市、他在日本的机构,stay 都失败。

No return 是什么
No return 衡量的是:到达这个目的地之后,这个人后来有没有回到母国。

例子 1:

  • C:CN -> JP -> US
  • C 没有回中国。
  • 对日本来说,no return 成功;对美国也成功。

例子 2:

  • D:CN -> JP 硕士 -> CN 博士 -> US 工作
  • D 后来回过中国。
  • 所以日本这个经历的 no return 失败。
  • 哪怕 D 后来又去了美国,也不改变“日本这段经历没有让他避免回国”这个判断。

这点很适合解释给留学生看:
Stay 看“有没有留在当地国家”;No return 看“有没有避免回到母国”。

最后一个节点为什么不算 stay / no return
如果一个人的最后记录是:

  • CN -> JP

然后没有任何后续记录,我们不知道他是真的留在日本,还是只是数据没继续记录。

所以这个 JP 会算 arrival,但不会拿来判断 stay 或 no return。
这叫右删失,简单说就是“没后续证据,不硬猜”。

国家、城市、机构是怎么一起算的
例子:

  • E:CN -> JP 京都大学 -> JP 东京大学 -> US MIT

这个人先进入日本,然后在日本内部从京都移动到东京。
算法会认为:

  • 日本:有一个 arrival
  • 京都:有一个 arrival
  • 京都大学:有一个 arrival
  • 东京:也有一个 arrival
  • 东京大学:也有一个 arrival

后来 E 去了美国,所以这些日本相关节点 stay 失败。
但如果 E 没有回中国,那么这些日本相关节点 no return 成功。

Tier 是怎么算的
Institution 表里的 Tier 不是原来的 global ranking,而是 mobility 自己的 tier。

先给每个机构一个 mobility 分数:

mobility score = (stay + no return) / 2

例子:

  • 机构 A:stay = 90%,no return = 80%,score = 85%
  • 机构 B:stay = 60%,no return = 90%,score = 75%
  • 机构 C:stay = 40%,no return = 50%,score = 45%

然后按这个 score 从高到低排,再用递归三分位分成 R1、R2、R3、R4。
大概可以理解为:

  • R1:最强 mobility 留存/不回流机构
  • R2:强
  • R3:中等
  • R4:弱

一句话版本
Arrival 看“多少人到过这里”;Stay 看“到这里之后有没有继续留在这个国家”;No return 看“到这里之后有没有回母国”;Tier 则把机构的 Stay 和 No return 合起来,分成 R1 到 R4。

计划

机构排名

我最近在研究给机构的学术威望排名,或者准确来说其实已经搓出来了,在 osr.clarelab.moe/ranking 可以看到,而且说实话效果很好,这个排名基本上就是学术圈用脚投票出来的,是学术圈的润的选择,而且比我以前那个基于 SpringRank 的排名(见此贴)效果要好。不过目前这个是总榜,对于特定领域参考价值有限,所以我是打算等到憋出来能细分领域或者学科了再公布的,而且本质来说这个是科研人员最终去哪的排名,对于一般人来说意义没那么大,所以我也在考虑科研出所谓 “进路榜” 去衡量 placement,诸如此类,到时候还会水贴。

Venues 排名

另一方面最近在跑另一个数据集,用同一套模型尝试给 Venues,也就是期刊会议之类的排名,毕竟现在学术圈唯一衡量 Venues 价值的基本就是 IF,然后 IF 本身是一坨屎,学界很搞笑的解决的方案就是根据学科和领域无限细分再分区。问题是,就算我们有温州大学 > MIT 的 US News,也有马来亚王朝的 QS,但是其实大家或多或少都懂点大学,前二三百都有数,但是期刊会议这些相对来说不透明度更强一些,所以出一个 Venues 的排名可能意料之外的会很有效果,之后看情况公开。

流动排名(也就是本贴图中那些)

之后的话至少会有一些小更新:

  • 优化小屏体验,毕竟现在只有大屏能看,小屏一坨
  • 好像是可以做一些更高级的分析的,但是我暂时有点大脑短路
  • 想做那种,比如你输入背景,能根据数据匹配出一些高润学成功率的路径方案的,全自动了属于是

以上。

u/No-Lab4175 — 26 days ago