What CAN'T you do on a good cable machine?
Working under the idea that perfect is the enemy of good, what can't your truly do with a good multifunctional cable machine? I think the biggest limitation is that some can be fairly limited in terms of max weight, but that's not a universal constraint, especially with the ones that just take olympic plates. But the advantages are
Space effient compared to a rack of dumbells and a full bar and everything else.
Very easy to change angles and weight, making supersets and other things more fluid
Theoretically safer when working out alone, no need for a spotter or anything
Theoretically quieter compared to dropping a loaded barbell or something
I'm sure that there are some movements that are better with dumbbell or barbell, but are we talking about a 5% difference? Assuming you're not training for something specific, like a powerlifting meet, how much does that really matter?