
Dr. Michael Levin - Bioelectricity, Morphogenesis, and Two-Headed Worms
Dr. Michael Levin is a biology researcher at Tufts University who is doing some of the most interesting academic research in the world right now. He and his team have developed ways to control where organs and limbs grow on animals just by manipulating bioelectric fields around the animals body, with no genetic changes.
A few highlights of his research:
- They can get planarian worms to grow two functional heads without any genetic changes, just by manipulating electric fields in the worms cells.
- These planarian worms can regenerate any part of their body, and when their lab cuts off the head off a worm that has been reprogrammed to have two heads, it still has two heads. This raises the question of where the memory is stored that the worm has two heads since it is genetically identical to a normal one-headed worm.
- They've also gotten animals like tadpoles to grow eyes on their tails through the same bioelectric manipulation techniques, and the eyes are fully functional. Their bodies somehow adapt and create all of the wiring for the new eye to work just like its normal eyes would.
- They have also taken human trachea cells and just by putting them into a new environment outside of a human body, these cells self-organize into novel animals that they call anthrobots. They exhibit goal-directed behavior, they can move around, and they even heal damaged neurons. These creatures have human DNA, they are made of human trachea cells, so how are they able to assemble into a novel creature with novel behaviors without any genetic manipulation?
Levin's research seems to be pointing at the idea that genetics is not the whole story, an animal's morphology is not actually stored in the DNA but somewhere else. This raises interesting questions for this sub, could an alien be genetically identical to a human but still exhibit wildly different morphology? When we think of aliens bioengineering hybrids with human beings, we've always assumed that involved genetic manipulation, but Levin's research opens the door to a whole other type of bioengineering that we've barely just discovered, one that can create a completely new creature from the exact same DNA of an existing one.