Immunology is much more complex than people realise
I keep seeing people talk about how they are anti vax because they did their research but then all they talk about is how they read about a few adverse effects from a case study or someone’s own experience and the contents of vaccines but to understand these things you have to understand atleast the basics of immunology.
First of all the central concept of vaccines is to expose the immune system to an antigen which in whatever form will be the main contents of a vaccine. Everything else is just there to help deliver, preserve or enhance the vaccine. To be able to understand this you should atleast understand antigens, antibodies and the secondary immune response.
Then another huge part of vaccines is understanding probability. Probability applies to both to the adverse effects and chances of catching the disease if a person remains unvaccinated. Just because someone doesn’t get vaccinated it doesn’t mean they will catch the disease 100% and so they may remain healthy but it’s not proof that vaccines aren’t essential for preventing disease. Also understand herd immunity because if enough people get vaccinated then unvaccinated people are less likely to get the disease which is especially important for individuals who are more vulnerable such as newborns or individuals receiving chemotherapy. Then just because someone has a seizure 1 hour after getting a vaccine it doesn’t mean that the vaccine is why they had a seizure. As it’s so rare it is well possible this is entirely due to chance and it may have occurred without the vaccine.
And then finally another important concept is the diseases themselves. One key example is when everyone thought giving a child Heb B vaccine is useless because Heb B is sexually transmitted and they aren’t sexually active but Heb B is transmitted through bodily fluids including at birth which is why the Heb B vaccine at birth can be vital for protecting the newborn.
Either way this isn’t an exclusive list and I know I rambled a bit but I hope you understand what I am saying.