Trying to find reasons for fetal demise in 2nd trimester and advice for TTC
Hello All,
Sorry, long post alert!
I suffered a fetal demise around a month ago. I was 24 weeks pregnant, and during a routine prenatal checkup, no fetal heartbeat could be found. Up until then, all of my lab results and ultrasound reports had been normal.
Based on my hospital's pathology report and my blood tests/genetic tests, my OB-GYN mentioned several possible contributing factors, including:
1 shorter-than-normal umbilical cord (30 cm) and likely cord compression.
2. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. I tested positive for beta 2 glycoprotein from blood tests done the day after the vaginal delivery. It was slightly above the normal range (33 instead of <=20) but other 2 tests were normal. However, my OB-GYN said I need to repeat the test after 12 weeks to confirm, so I will do the test again early October.
3. Smaller Placenta. My OB-GYN suspects that the baby may have passed away at around 20/21 weeks since my 20 weeks ultrasound looked normal (the baby was weighing normally). However, post-delivery both the baby and the placenta were smaller. According to the doctor, if the baby had indeed passed away at ~20/21 weeks and delivered at ~24weeks, that delay may have caused decomposition and the placenta to be smaller (although this is only a suspicion and not any confirmed diagnosis).
I had sent my placenta slides to Dr. Kilman at Yale for a 2nd opinion on placental pathology. His main diagnosis was that: "Placenta was extremely small weighing less than the 0.01% ile for gestational age which led to the fetal demise. Trophoblast inclusions (1.8+/-2.5, n=5 out of 7 slides) were detected that suggest a genetic/developmental abnormality and likely caused the smaller placenta. No evidence of maternal immunologic rejection or decreased maternal perfusion of the placenta."
Both my husband and I have done genetic testing (Horizon 27 panel by Natera), NIPT tests (Panaroma by Natera) during pregnancy and there was a Genome microarray test done post-delivery as well. All test results were normal except I was a silent carrier of alpha thalassemia, but my husband was not. All these results made me a bit confused about the "genetic anomaly" diagnosis.
I want to start TTC again. I will discuss these reports with my OB-GYN and I have an MFM pre-conception consultation scheduled in 2 weeks. However, I wanted to ask a few questions here as well in case someone has gone through a similar experience and give me some advice on what the next steps maybe (I am very nervous to TTC):
(1) Should I ask my OB/MFM for an Expanded Carrier Screening (500+ carrier screening)?
(2) Should I ask my OB/MFM for a prenatal Karyotype screening?
(3) Should I consider IVF or wait for the above mentioned test results first?
(4) Can smaller placenta or small umbilical cord happen again? Is there any way to prevent this?
(5) Is there any way to know whether the small placenta happened due to genetic anomaly or due to the baby dying much earlier in the womb and placenta shrinking due to that?
(6) APS is another suspicion that the doctors have. If the 2nd APS test comes out normal, should I still go through the baby aspirirn and heparin (lovanox) injection? I heard that if I don't have APS and take aspirin/lovanox, it may lead to excessive bleeding. Will that be harmful to the pregnancy?
(7) I reached out to Dr. Parast from UCSD as well. She said I might need to send her a request through my doctor for her to do placental slide review. I will ask my doctors about that but if they don't agree, do you think I should ask Dr. Parast for only a consultation with the existing reports without the placental slide review? (Has anyone done this before?)
(8) I am of advanced maternal age (35 now, was 34 during pregnancy), could this have contributed to the genetic anomaly?
(9) Any other advice for me?
Finally, if anyone can give me some reassurance that even with APS or smaller placenta or any chromosomal disorder (especially someone who is 35 or older since I just turned 35), you were able to successfully have a rainbow baby later, I'd really appreciate it! This was my first pregnancy and I am so scared to try again :(