u/Civil-Efficiency2039

What was the mayor of Brampton’s objection to the separation of Peel into Mississauga, Brampton and Caledon? A few years ago, the Ford government was looking to split Peel into 3 separate municipalities. Mississauga was on board but Brampton wasn’t. I never heard the mayor of Brampton give a clear explanation of his opposition. I don’t live in the region so maybe it was clearly enunciated but I never heard that in the news broadcasts I watched. I gather it may have something to do with cost and Brampton now wanting to pay for its own police force and other services. However, Brampton isn’t exactly small and has a population of over 656 000. Much smaller cities (ex.: Halifax, Charlottetown, Saint John, Moncton, Regina, Saskatoon, Sudbury and Thunder Bay) seem to deal with these issues just fine. What was the reason/argument against splitting?

Hi Everyone! This is sort of a follow-up to my previous post (https://www.reddit.com/r/ColdWaters/comments/1wrna6f/jive\_turkeys\_tactics/). In game, do thermal layers really assist in torpedo evasion? I think I recall Jive Turkey, in some of his videos, talking about using the layer to hopefully fool an enemy torpedo. In all the gameplay I've done, I can't say I've ever had the layer mask me from an enemy torpedo. In the single mission which is the TLAM strike, I've even had USETs pick me up from about 1 300' difference; I was sitting at 1 500' with my Seawolf and the torpedo was up around the surface, somewhere between 50'-200' deep.

Hello everyone! I want to start off by saying I have NO HATE for Jive Turkey. He’s fun to watch and his stories are entertaining. It’s interesting to get a former submariner’s perspectives and reminiscences. I’ve been watching some of his Cold Waters videos and I have some questions about the tactics he uses, which to me seem counterproductive, self-defeating or, possibly, hazardous. I’m also wondering if this is a situation where Jive might be using real-life tactics that don’t really work in-game. Are these situations where real life and the game diverge?

Here are Jive’s tactics I wonder about:

-1: Firing torpedoes without identifying targets. To be fair, I think Jive has stopped doing this but I remember the first videos of his I watched he just seemed to put torpedoes in the water immediately if there were contacts. This seemed wasteful and potentially hazardous to allied and neutral shipping and whales. The game doesn’t really penalize you for friendly fire so I don’t know it makes a difference but I hope that’s not the American Navy’s actual tactic: shoot first, identify later (or never).

-2: Following the MOSS. I’ve noticed when Jive fires a MOSS, he tends to follow it, trying to keep it between him and the target/enemy torpedo. What’s the point of doing that? The point of the MOSS is to confuse your enemy into thinking you’re someplace entirely different. It also absorbs active torpedos not otherwise on wires. You want to be as far away as possible from those torpedoes bearing down on your MOSS so they don’t acquire you when they spin around the MOSS. That means you want to be at least 110% further from the MOSS than that particular enemy torpedo’s seeker range; I give myself that 10% margin because of the torpedo spin after passing the MOSS. Staying close to the MOSS, to me, seems to put yourself in much more danger.

-3: Prioritizing noisemakers over knuckles. In one of his videos, Jive said knuckles are really just something for the helmsman to do at the last minute when there’s no real hope. However, I’ve found knuckles to be at least just as effective as noisemakers, and prefer them, because you have no limit. Knuckles work very well against the slower, smaller airdropped torpedoes and with sufficient time, you can even get outside their range cones. Knuckles aren’t quite as good against the larger torpedoes because they’re faster and last longer but I’ve had great results using knuckles even against USET-80s. I want to add, that Jive is really good at manual torpedo evasion, so it could just be he prefers noisemakers, but I think he’s given knuckles short shrift.

-4: Not guiding torpedoes once they go active. I’ve noticed Jive doesn’t actively guide his torpedoes once they go active, or at least not consistently. I always guide my torpedoes, it really helps get around the annoying enemy noisemakers and lets me sink the enemy more quickly. I stand to be corrected but I think in Sea Power you can’t guide a torpedo once it goes active. Is that true in real life? Why would guidance suddenly stop when the torpedo goes active because wouldn’t that be the time you want guidance the most?

-5: Little doglegging of torpedoes. I think Jive does this though not as much as I’ve seen other users. We all know doglegging fools the enemy so I wonder why Jive doesn’t do it more often.

-6: Speeding up to 10kn once torpedo fired. I’ve seen Jive speed up the boat once he’s fired his torpedos and I wonder at the wisdom of that. You lose track of your opponent and start making more noise yourself. I’ve only ever sped up to evade torpedoes and I try to stay at 5kn to maintain the wires and a track on the enemy. It seems a counterproductive tactic that blinds you, at least a little.

-7: Torpedoes only within 10k yards. I heard Jive say in some of his videos that if the enemy is more than 10k yards away, he’ll use missiles. What’s the reason for that? The American torpedoes have a range of up to 35k yards so they’re pretty good to use for most engagements. I agree that starting at about the 25k yard range torpedoes start becoming less effective because if the enemy goes full speed and runs in the opposite direction, there’s a good chance they’ll reach the 35k range before your torpedoes. Using missiles is much riskier because it alerts the enemy to your position and they can be shot down by CWIS. I think Jive is underestimating the useful range of his torpedoes

Again, no hate for Jive Turkey. These are just my observations and Jive could have very reasonable reasons for his tactics. I’m just wondering, for myself, the purpose of some of Jive’s tactics.

This has personally been asked before, but why does the O-Train randomly switch platforms when arriving and departing on Line 2. Is there any pattern?

I think the title is self-explanatory but I’m wondering why did it take so long to discover or confirm the existence of the ALL? The ALL is a ligament of the human knee whose existence was only confirmed in about 2012, though it may have been first observed in 1879. Even that I find is unusual as this is not some microscopic part of a cell but something clearly visible to the unaided eye and part of the macro-anatomy of human beings. Although lawful human dissection has only been going on for about 400 years, we’ve known about the human anatomy for many thousands of years, although even then some of the basics we got wrong for a long time. In any event, it seems the ALL escaped detection into modern times and I’m wondering why that might be the case? The best guess I’ve come up with is the ALL seemed to part of a different ligament and it just wasn’t recognized as separate until recently, though I find that explanation a bit unsatisfactory.

I think the title is self-explanatory but I’m wondering why did it take so long to discover or confirm the existence of the ALL? The ALL is a ligament of the human knee whose existence was only confirmed in about 2012, though it may have been first observed in 1879. Even that I find is unusual as this is not some microscopic part of a cell but something clearly visible to the unaided eye and part of the macro-anatomy of human beings. Although lawful human dissection has only been going on for about 400 years, we’ve known about the human anatomy for many thousands of years, although even then some of the basics we got wrong for a long time. In any event, it seems the ALL escaped detection into modern times and I’m wondering why that might be the case? The best guess I’ve come up with is the ALL seemed to part of a different ligament and it just wasn’t recognized as separate until recently, though I find that explanation a bit unsatisfactory.

Hi everyone, I haven’t played Sea Power or DCS but I’ve watched plenty on YouTube and I’m wondering how do Sea Power and DCS stack up against each other in terms of realism? What comes to mind for me is the vast difference, it seems to me, between the behaviour of missiles in Sea Power vs DCS. In Sea Power, it seems the hit ratio of any missile is about 20-30%, and any hit feels like luck. That seems to be the case with Harpoons, A2A missiles, interceptor missiles (RIM and SM) and CIWS. In DCS, on the other hand, missiles seem to hit their targets 80-90% of the time, particularly interceptors, and even CIWS. In DCS, a carrier group is essentially invincible and even individual ships (Ticonderogas, Arleigh Burkes, OHPs) can easily defend attacks unless overwhelmed. In DCS, countermeasures like chaff don’t work very well but in Sea Power, it seems to fool missiles fairly easily and frequently.

Of the two games, is one more realistic than the other?

I guess I should explain the title — I was having trouble putting it into words. Essentially, I’m wondering what are people’s thoughts on Bratislava given an ex-girlfriend’s recent experience and my plans to travel to Bratislava in a few months.

OK, my ex-GF (we’re still friends) travelled to Prague a few weeks ago (mid-June). She stayed in Prague and travelled to the surrounding area but one day she decided to take a day trip to Bratislava to check it out; she travelled there and back the same day by bus, I believe. Her report was that there wasn’t much to do in Bratislava and because she went on a weekend everything was closed. She advised me that Bratislava can be experienced in a day (I only plan to be there for 24 hours anyway) and I should go not on a weekend. Would you agree with that assessment? Is it true that most places are closed on the weekends? I don’t recall what specific places she was referring to but I seem to recall her saying only a mall was open.

I’m planning on going at the end of November. Does that make a difference for places being open on weekends?

I’m not planning on travelling outside Bratislava while I’m in Slovakia so just curious if what my ex-GF experienced was typical for Bratislava and if that would still be the case in my November trip. I’ll also point out that I have no hate for Bratislava and I have no preconceptions about the city.

Hello everyone, this is sort of a follow-up to my previous post (https://www.reddit.com/r/Europetravel/s/4sKPuwUeZ9). In essence, my work has told me there’s a good chance I’ll be able to travel in late November/early December, which was my original plan. Details still have to be worked out but if it goes ahead with the change, I’ll be doing a road trip for 2 weeks sometime between 21 November and 13 December 2026.

My basic question is what are the road conditions like in Central Europe at that time of year? I think this is low or shoulder season for travel? Will there be many other tourists in the places I’ll be visiting?

The current plan is to travel, by rental car, to the following cities: Munich, Prague, Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest, Belgrade, Sarajevo, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Bled and Salzburg. I’ll be travelling on the main highways and paying tolls. I don’t plan to do any country roads and I won’t be using the car in the cities except to get to my accommodation; I’ll use public transit when exploring the cities. This is an ambitious itinerary and I understand there are risks involved. For example, I’ll be reaching out to the car rental company to see if I can get permission to go to Belgrade and Sarajevo, or I’ll have to start my trip in Zagreb, or rethink it entirely.

Just by way of background, I’m Canadian so driving “long” distances in cold weather is no problem for me. I’m not interested in doing a really immersive experience in each city (maybe in a future trip), although I have placed some extra days in some of the destinations. For this trip, I’m more interested in just getting a taste of the cities. Also, I’ve driven in Europe before but not this particular part, though I have been to Austria and the Netherlands on school trips and Ukraine separately. In February 2025 I did a road trip through Greece with my dad and I did all the driving (highway and urban).

*Update #1: I’ve decided to not go to Sarajevo and Belgrade. I’ll do the former Yugoslavia on another trip.

Hello everyone, I’m planning a trip through Central Europe in January 2027. I’ve made a separate post about toll payment but I was thinking about interactions with people. Is it more polite to learn, even a little, of the local phrases or would it be seen as insulting if I tried (in a sort of “Why do you think we can’t speak English?” kind of way)?

I’m planning on visiting many countries, though the wisdom and practicality of that has been questioned 😊; I’ll be considering my options in light of the constructive criticism. The countries I’m planning on visiting are Germany, Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia. I’m only visiting major cities (Munich, Vienna and Salzburg, Prague, Bratislava, Budapest, Belgrade, Sarajevo, Zagreb, Ljubljana and Bled).

I don’t speak any of the native languages of those countries but I do have facility in several other language, some from the same language families as the local languages. The European languages I speak are as follows: Fluent (English, French, Ukrainian), Intermediate (Portuguese, Spanish), Basic (Dutch, Norwegian).

So, what would be best etiquette? Should I learn as much of the local languages as I can and try to converse (even if poorly) in them or is it more courteous to just stick with English? Does the context, like official (ex: border guard, police or tourist attraction) vs private (ex: someone on the street, ordering at a restaurant), matter? Similarly, if crossing a non-Schengen border, do the border guards/customs officers speak English? How should I go about ordering at a restaurant?

The last time I was in Europe was in February 2025 in Greece on a driving trip with my dad (I was the driver). I’d learned some Greek but mostly we didn’t have to use Greek and where we were people could speak English. Again, I just want to make sure I’m not unintentionally offending anyone.

Hello everyone, this is my 1st post (ever😊). I need some information on how tolls work on highways in Europe. Do I have to buy separate things for each country? I’d like to use electronic tolls, if possible, but I’ve never driven in Europe before. I understand there are things called “vignettes” but I’m not clear what exactly they are. Most of my experience with toll roads comes from Australia where you buy an E-Tag (a little radio receiver/transmitter) and it’s good throughout the country, regardless of where it was bought. I think you link your credit card and it charges the toll when you pass under a toll gate.

Anyway, I’m planning a 2-week driving holiday in Central Europe and I’ll be visiting the following countries: Germany, Czechia, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia. I’m not worried about winter driving or the distances as I’m Canadian and used to it 😊. I’m not spending a lot of time in each country, obviously. Using Google Maps, I’m willing to take the toll highways as it’s faster and from what I’ve seen on some other websites, not especially expensive. But, I am wondering what’s the most efficient way to pay the tolls. I understand some of those countries require vignettes. What are they and where do I buy them? Do I have to buy a vignette for each country or is there something like an E-Tag which will work in all the countries? Is there a better or more efficient way to pay tolls? I’ll be using a rental car, if that makes a difference.