Frank Desiere, CEO of CorTec, on The Open Loop this week.
▲ 9 r/neuro+2 crossposts

Frank Desiere, CEO of CorTec, on The Open Loop this week.

Had Frank Desiere, CEO of CorTec, on The Open Loop this week.

Their BCI can both read and stimulate the brain, and the stroke work is particularly interesting. They’ve now implanted three patients, including people who had their strokes years ago.

For stroke, they use it during the rehab period, then remove it, with the aim that the regained movement remains.

We also got into why they went batteryless, how the same platform could be used in epilepsy and depression and where Frank thinks all of this brain data eventually leads.

Have a watch/read if you’re following the therapeutic side of BCI.

https://theneurotechnewsletter.substack.com/p/the-implant-comes-out-the-recovery?r=53ri6k

u/NeurotechNewsletter — 19 hours ago
▲ 62 r/neuro+3 crossposts

Neurotech in Switzerland Market Map

Market map and taxonomy

The complete working map contains 51 names: 28 core Swiss neurotechnology companies, 19 adjacent companies and 4 borderline names.

The count is deliberately broader than just BCIs or neuromodulation. Core means direct neural recording, interpretation, stimulation, modulation, repair, restoration or specialist neurological measurement. Adjacent covers rehabilitation robotics, surgical technology, movement sensing and other businesses close enough to the nervous system that leaving them out would give a pretty incomplete picture. Borderline is exactly what it sounds like: companies I think are relevant to the market, but where the technology, use case or Swiss footprint sits just outside the tighter definition.

A couple of important caveats. Aleva Neurotherapeutics remains on the map because it is part of the Swiss neurotech story and got a directional DBS system all the way through CE marking and into the market, but the Lausanne court approved a composition agreement with its unsecured creditors in June 2024. Dandelion Science has a meaningful Geneva connection but a US-Swiss footprint rather than a clean Swiss headquarters story.

The map uses representative city clusters rather than trying to pin all fifty-one companies individually. The full taxonomy is below.

Core neurotech companies (28)
3Brain
ABILITY Neurotech
Aleva Neurotherapeutics
BEE Medic
Bottneuro
Braincredible
BrainQuant
BrainScape Medical
Comphya
dEEGtal
DeepPsy
FinalSpark
HBImed
IDUN Technologies
Infera Neuro
Luciole Medical
machineMD
MaxWell Biosystems
MindMaze
MYNERVA
NeuroGyn
Neurosoft Bioelectronics
Optohive
Positrigo
SaisiR
SensArs
Skaaltec
Xana, Smart Neurostimulation

Adjacent neurotech companies (19)
Altoida
Artiria Medical
Bearmind
Clee Medical
Dividat
Emovo Care
Gondola Medical Technologies
Hocoma
Intento
Lambda Health System
Magnes
MindMetrix
MYOLINK
Nanoflex Robotics
neurodAIgnostics
Reha Technology
Rhovica Neuroimaging
SurgeonsLab
TWIICE

Borderline (4)
Bewe, formerly Neuria
BRNLIT.AI
Connectome Health
Dandelion Science

Of the twenty-eight core names, five are enabling suppliers rather than clinical products, eight haven’t reached a person yet, fourteen have technology in humans in some form and six have products in clinical use. DeepPsy is already reimbursed through Swiss basic health insurance.

There is also a fairly obvious geographic pattern once everything is on one sheet. Geneva repeatedly leads back to Campus Biotech, the Wyss Center and HUG. Lausanne leads back to EPFL and CHUV. Zurich leads back to ETH. Bern and Basel add smaller specialist groups around diagnostics, surgery and stimulation.
You can get from Geneva to Zurich by train in less than three hours. In the US these would probably be separate ecosystems. In Switzerland they’re stops on the same train.

The full article goes into the companies, who is actually in humans, the Swiss investor landscape and why the country seems unusually good at getting difficult neuroscience through the awkward bit between a paper and a patient.

https://theneurotechnewsletter.substack.com/p/neurotech-in-switzerland

As always, corrections and companies I’ve missed are very welcome.

u/NeurotechNewsletter — 6 days ago

Neurotech in the UK

I write about all things Neurotech and this weeks its Neurotech in the Uk. A full map, shit loads of start ups, loads of amazing tech. The complete working map contains 74 active organisations: 45 core neurotechnology companies, 12 enabling businesses and 17 adjacent organisations. Galvani Bioelectronics is listed separately as a historical cautionary case and is not included in the active total. The list uses current principal UK operating bases where those are public, and every company name links to its official source.

[https://www.reddit.com/user/NeurotechNewsletter/comments/1visjqk/neurotech\\\_in\\\_the\\\_uk/\](https://www.reddit.com/user/NeurotechNewsletter/comments/1visjqk/neurotech\_in\_the\_uk/)

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 12 days ago

Neurotech in the UK

I write about all things Neurotech and this weeks its Neurotech in the Uk. A full map, shit loads of start ups, loads of amazing tech. The complete working map contains 74 active organisations: 45 core neurotechnology companies, 12 enabling businesses and 17 adjacent organisations. Galvani Bioelectronics is listed separately as a historical cautionary case and is not included in the active total. The list uses current principal UK operating bases where those are public, and every company name links to its official source.

[https://www.reddit.com/user/NeurotechNewsletter/comments/1visjqk/neurotech\\\_in\\\_the\\\_uk/\](https://www.reddit.com/user/NeurotechNewsletter/comments/1visjqk/neurotech\_in\_the\_uk/)

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 12 days ago
▲ 20 r/neuro

Neurotech in the UK

This week its Neurotech in the Uk. A full map, shit loads of start ups, loads of amazing tech. The complete working map contains 74 active organisations: 45 core neurotechnology companies, 12 enabling businesses and 17 adjacent organisations. Galvani Bioelectronics is listed separately as a historical cautionary case and is not included in the active total. The list uses current principal UK operating bases where those are public, and every company name links to its official source.

https://www.reddit.com/u/NeurotechNewsletter/s/zYokIFiXLg

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 12 days ago
▲ 8 r/BCI

Neurotech in the UK

This week its Neurotech in the Uk. A full map, shit loads of start ups, loads of amazing tech. The complete working map contains 74 active organisations: 45 core neurotechnology companies, 12 enabling businesses and 17 adjacent organisations. Galvani Bioelectronics is listed separately as a historical cautionary case and is not included in the active total. The list uses current principal UK operating bases where those are public, and every company name links to its official source.

[https://www.reddit.com/user/NeurotechNewsletter/comments/1visjqk/neurotech\_in\_the\_uk/]

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 12 days ago
▲ 7 r/BCI

PIEEG - open source research-grade EEG out of Scotland

Came across Ildar Rakhmatulin’s work recently and wanted to share it here. He started PiEEG as a personal project because he couldn’t find affordable EEG hardware, open sourced it, and it kind of grew from there.

Check it out if you’re into open source BCI or consumer-grade EEG hardware.

https://youtu.be/vgzBuQmLsnE?si=1Tqot-SIP6t1j5BP

u/NeurotechNewsletter — 13 days ago
▲ 31 r/austechnology+2 crossposts

Neurotech in Australasia - Taxonomy and Market Map

Next artcile and Market Map is out - full thing available on my substack, check it out:

https://theneurotechnewsletter.substack.com/p/neurotech-in-australasia?r=53ri6k

The taxonomy

Status checked July 2026. Companies are included only where recent evidence of operations, product development, clinical activity, regulation, funding, hiring or commercial activity could be identified. Early-stage, quiet, internationalised, restructured and research-only organisations are marked separately, and Australian-origin companies based overseas are not counted as domestic headquarters.

Core implants and neural interfaces

Cochlear, Sydney and global. Current. Implanted hearing systems and the company that defined Australian medical bionics.

Synchron, Melbourne origins with a US headquarters. Current and internationalised. Endovascular brain-computer interface for people with severe paralysis.

Epiminder, Melbourne. Current. Continuous brain monitoring from under the scalp for epilepsy, FDA-authorised and ASX-listed.

Fluent BCI, Melbourne. Legitimate early-stage company. An interface placed under the scalp but outside the skull, intended to turn attempted speech into text.

Bionic Vision Technologies, Melbourne. Current but quiet. Retinal implant and external vision system for inherited blindness.

Saluda Medical, Sydney origins with international operations. Current. Closed-loop spinal-cord stimulation for chronic pain.

Ultra Bionics, Melbourne. Legitimate early-stage company. Precisely aimed ultrasound intended to reach deep brain targets without leaving an implant behind.

Neurogen, Melbourne. Active preclinical company. Brain implants built from living cells for neurodegenerative disease.

Cortical Dynamics, Perth. Current. EEG-based monitoring of the brain response during anaesthesia.

Kitea Health, Auckland and the US. Current and investigational. Wireless implant for monitoring pressure inside the skull, initially around hydrocephalus.

Diagnostics, monitoring and brain imaging

Compumedics, Melbourne and global. Current ASX-listed company. Sleep, EEG and neurological-monitoring systems.

Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney and the US. Current. AI brain-network mapping for neurosurgical planning.

Headsafe, Sydney. Current. Portable assessment of the brain response to visual signals after concussion.

BrainEye, Australia, exact city still unresolved. Active early-stage company. Phone-camera assessment of eye movement and pupil response as neurological signals.

EMVision, Sydney with University of Queensland origins. Current ASX-listed company. Bedside brain scanner for stroke triage.

Cogstate, Melbourne and global. Current ASX-listed company. Computer-based cognitive testing used heavily in neurological clinical trials.

Neurotologix, Perth. Current. Remote monitoring and diagnostic technology for dizziness and vertigo, with a Class IIa device added to the ARTG in 2026.

Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre, Sydney. Current. Quantitative analysis of brain imaging for neurological disease.

Wavewise Analytics, Melbourne. Current, formerly Cyban. Continuous non-invasive monitoring of cerebral blood flow and oxygen around stroke and acute brain injury.

Redenlab, Melbourne. Current. Speech, language and swallowing measures used as neurological clinical-trial outcomes.

HITIQ, Melbourne. Current ASX-listed company. Instrumented mouthguards and concussion-management technology.

Prism Neuro, Canberra. Current. Movement-control measurement for concussion, health, sport and human performance.

Wellumio, Wellington. Current. Axana portable low-field brain scanner for stroke assessment at the point of care.

BlinkLab, Australian-listed with an international operating footprint. Current. Smartphone and AI assessment of sensory responses around neurological and developmental conditions.

Seer Medical, Melbourne. Restructured. Long-term home video-EEG and ECG monitoring for epilepsy, retained here as a commercial case study rather than a clean active-company example.

Rehabilitation, communication and sensory technology

Control Bionics, Melbourne and international. Current ASX-listed company. Reads muscle and neural signals for communication, rehabilitation and assistive control.

ARIA Research, Sydney. Current. Glasses that translate the visual world into spatial sound for people who are blind or have low vision.

NIRGenie / EarGenie, Melbourne. Active translational venture. Objective hearing assessment for babies and young children.

EarFlo, Perth-developed with an international launch. Current. Non-invasive treatment device for persistent middle-ear problems in children.

Laronix, Brisbane with a US office. Current. Bionic voice technology for people who have lost the ability to speak.

RehabSwift, Adelaide. Current but quiet. Brain-computer-interface rehabilitation after stroke and neurological injury.

Neuromersiv, Sydney. Current but quiet. Virtual-reality and stimulation technology for stroke and acquired brain-injury rehabilitation.

Kinobionic, Sydney. Current but quiet. Thought-controlled assistive robotics and wearable support technology.

Rex Bionics, New Zealand origins and international operations. Historical and active technology lineage. Robotic exoskeletons for serious mobility impairment.

Non-invasive and emerging therapeutics

Neurode, Sydney. Legitimate early-stage company. Home-use headband combining brain monitoring and non-invasive stimulation around ADHD and executive function.

Ceretas, Brisbane. Current early clinical company. Therapeutic ultrasound being developed around Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative conditions.

Resonance Therapeutics, Melbourne. Current but quiet early-stage spinout. At-home measurement and stimulation for personalised depression treatment.

SYMBYX Biome, Sydney. Current. Targeted light therapy being studied around Parkinson’s and related conditions, with a less settled evidence base than approved implant platforms.

Cortex Brainwave Technologies, Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast. Current but quiet. Early-stage EEG sensors and neurofeedback hardware.

Neuroana, Perth. Legitimate early-stage company. Wearable EEG, non-invasive stimulation and software analysis.

Australis Scientific, Sydney. Legitimate early-stage company. Wearable peripheral nerve stimulation for overactive bladder.

Augmented Bionics, Brisbane. Status unclear. Earlier University of Queensland work on non-invasive hearing restoration, retained as research lineage rather than counted as a clearly active company.

Biological computing and enabling technology

Cortical Labs, Melbourne. Current. Biological computing combining living neurons with silicon through the CL1 and Cortical Cloud.

BrainChip, Australian-listed with global operations. Current. Brain-inspired low-power computing chips, adjacent to rather than part of clinical neurotechnology.

Tessara Therapeutics, Melbourne. Current. Three-dimensional human neural tissues used for drug discovery and disease modelling.

Chromos Labs, Melbourne. Legitimate early-stage spinout. Imaging and analysis of electrical activity in human brain models.

Neo-Bionica, Melbourne. Current. Development, packaging, testing and clinical-grade manufacturing for implantable and wearable medical devices.

Bionics Institute, Melbourne. Research and translation institute behind several of the companies and technologies in this map.

Australian Hearing Hub, Sydney. Research, clinical and industry network connecting hearing and sensory-bionics work.

Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland. Major source of medical-device engineering, physiological modelling and spinout formation.

CoNECT, Auckland. University centre bringing bionics, brain-machine interfaces and neural sensing into one programme.

Australian-origin international companies and capital links

EMOTIV, Australian origins with international operations. Current. Wearable EEG hardware, software and brain-data tools.

Nuroflux, Sydney origins with Cambridge, Massachusetts headquarters and a continuing Australian clinical presence. Current. Wearable monitoring of cerebral blood flow and brain activity.

Parasym, Australian-origin company now operating internationally. Current. Non-invasive auricular vagus nerve stimulation.

Music Health, Australian-origin digital-health company now headquartered in Los Angeles with a Sydney presence. Current but quiet. Personalised music for dementia care.

Coherence Neuro, Australian co-founder, US company. Current. Implantable neurotechnology intended to monitor and eventually treat brain tumours through their electrical signals.

NeuroHarmonics, Australian founder, London company. Current early-stage work in non-invasive focused-ultrasound neuromodulation.

JumpSpace, New York neurotechnology investment fund led by Australian investor Adam Caplan, with investments across the region.

Blackbird Ventures, Australian venture firm and backer of Coherence Neuro, part of the capital connection between Australia and companies built overseas.

Adjacent brain-health and medical technology

PainChek, Sydney. Current ASX-listed digital-health company. AI-assisted pain assessment for people who cannot communicate reliably.

TALi Health, Melbourne. Current but quiet ASX-listed digital therapeutic company. Attention assessment and training for children.

Orthocell, Perth. Current ASX-listed medtech company. Regenerative devices for peripheral nerve and tendon repair.

Alimetry, Auckland. Current. Wearable mapping of electrical activity in the stomach, a strong bioelectric device outside direct brain technology.

Soul Machines, Auckland origins with international operations. Current. Digital humans and biologically inspired AI.

Toku, Auckland origins with international operations. Current. Retinal imaging and AI for wider health signals.

Micro-X, Adelaide. Current ASX-listed medtech company. Portable head CT designed for stroke imaging in ambulances and aircraft.

Neuro-biotech

Argenica Therapeutics, Perth. Current ASX-listed drug developer. Neuroprotective peptide therapy around stroke, included separately because it is a drug company rather than a device business.

Neurotech International, Melbourne. Current ASX-listed drug developer. Formerly associated with neurotechnology devices and now better understood as neuro-biotech.

Early pipeline and research programmes

Foresight Medical, Perth. Registered and grant-backed early-stage company. Phone-based neurological-response screening for concussion, with a limited public operating footprint.

Gennaris / Monash Vision Group, Melbourne. Research and commercialisation programme rather than a confirmed standalone operating company. Cortical visual prosthesis work.

BioSpine, Queensland. Research project rather than a confirmed company. Brain-computer-interface and digital-twin work around spinal injury.

ArMM, Newcastle. University research device rather than a confirmed company. Portable measurement of motor control.

Legacy, restructuring and status unclear

Deep Brain Stimulation Technologies, Melbourne. Legacy company. Adaptive deep-brain-stimulation spinout for Parkinson’s that later entered administration.

Lookinglass, Adelaide. Status unclear. Earlier university-incubator venture using video analysis around Parkinson’s and dementia, with no current independent operating company verified.

humm, Perth origins and later US operations. Current status unclear. Consumer brain-stimulation company retained as part of the internationalisation history rather than the active count.

u/NeurotechNewsletter — 18 days ago
▲ 0 r/neuro

Neurotech in Israel: full market map and taxonomy

Follow-up to my Asia and Europe maps. 66 active Israeli neurotech companies mapped with the help of a few contacts I have over there.

Here's a graphic attempt to summarize whats going

https://preview.redd.it/uoci0yc5bffh1.png?width=1536&format=png&auto=webp&s=20ae30a7cadfdfb19a821aa38e6df46ea742c197

Of 44 direct companies I audited, 24 are mainly measuring or interpreting rather than stimulating. Hemispheric is building non-invasive brain-decoding foundation models, X-trodes makes conformal skin electrodes that capture EEG, EMG, ECG and EOG while people move, Wearable Devices runs a neural wrist interface, and Nuri Braintech works in both directions, reading brain activity and stimulating back to it focusing on PTSD. The CBO at Nuri helped me put all this together

Links below if you'd like to see the full company list with URLs

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 26 days ago
▲ 4 r/BCI

Neurotech In Israel - Market Map

After my last 2 pieces about Europe and Asia I realised there were A LOT of Israeli companies. A country of 10 milliom people has more Neurotech companies than the highest European country.

https://preview.redd.it/yzzvfqjv8ffh1.png?width=1536&format=png&auto=webp&s=b66d6af9744871b9263aa189142e3806572f3daf

Of 44 direct companies I audited, 24 are mainly measuring or interpreting rather than stimulating. Hemispheric is building non-invasive brain-decoding foundation models, X-trodes makes conformal skin electrodes that capture EEG, EMG, ECG and EOG while people move, Wearable Devices runs a neural wrist interface, and Nuri Braintech works in both directions, reading brain activity and stimulating back to it focusing on PTSD. The CBO at Nuri helped me put all this together

Links below if you'd like to see the full company list with URLs

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 26 days ago
▲ 5 r/neuro

The Open Loop - a neurotech podcast

Just wanted to highlight The Open Loop podcast - neurotech founders and investors get interviewed every week

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheOpenLoopPodcast
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/033fswT3OQbpUuZQmPzPmi
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-open-loop-with-chay-carter/id1896593801

And they go up on my substack to in written format as part of the free content: https://theneurotechnewsletter.substack.com/

u/NeurotechNewsletter — 28 days ago
▲ 5 r/neurallace+2 crossposts

The Open Loop, a neurotech podcast

https://preview.redd.it/o4a36vai02fh1.jpg?width=1254&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=86776467a0409c5265dc26b2a25e8c6c0b4e9748

I'm a headhunter who's worked only in neurotech for the last few years, and I got tired of not being able to find decent long-form conversations about this field. So I started recording my own.

It's called The Open Loop. I sit down with the people actually building neurotech, founders, engineers, clinicians, investors, and we talk properly about what they're doing and why it's hard. Brain-computer interfaces, neuromodulation, EEG, diagnostics, the money side, the regulatory side, all of it.

The thing I try to do differently: I'm not a scientist so I ask the obvious questions rather than the clever ones, and I make guests explain things in language a normal person can follow. If a conversation turns into jargon I stop it and ask them to say it again. Turns out that's useful, because most neurotech coverage is either press releases or papers, with not much in between.

New episodes go out regularly. If any of that sounds interesting:

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheOpenLoopPodcast
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/033fswT3OQbpUuZQmPzPmi
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-open-loop-with-chay-carter/id1896593801

And they go up on my substack to in written format as part of the free content: https://theneurotechnewsletter.substack.com/

Happy to take suggestions on who to get on. If there's someone in neurotech you've wanted to hear a real conversation with, tell me and I'll chase them.

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 28 days ago

sleep neurotech in europe

Part of a wider map of 200+ neurotech companies based in Europe. Sleep came up a lot, so here's that slice.

Nyxoah (Belgium), hypoglossal nerve stimulation for sleep apnoea, an implanted alternative to CPAP for people who can't tolerate a mask. Onera Health (Netherlands), a patch you wear at home instead of the usual tangle of wires for a sleep study. Atlas Wearables (UK), an early-stage behind-the-ear device for sleep staging. Insai (Denmark), building models to make sense of sleep and EEG data.

And on the wellness side, which is a different thing from the medical devices above: Audicin (Finland), a binaural-beat audio app and sleep headband.

Some of this is established, some is early. Not medical advice, just a map of who's doing what. If your company should be here and isn't, tell me. Full list in the comments.

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 1 month ago
▲ 1 r/sleep

sleep neurotech companies in europe

Part of a wider map of 200+ neurotech companies based in Europe. Sleep came up a lot, so here's that slice.

Nyxoah (Belgium), hypoglossal nerve stimulation for sleep apnoea, an implanted alternative to CPAP for people who can't tolerate a mask. Onera Health (Netherlands), a patch you wear at home instead of the usual tangle of wires for a sleep study. Atlas Wearables (UK), an early-stage behind-the-ear device for sleep staging. Insai (Denmark), building models to make sense of sleep and EEG data.

And on the wellness side, which is a different thing from the medical devices above: Audicin (Finland), a binaural-beat audio app and sleep headband.

Some of this is established, some is early. Not medical advice, just a map of who's doing what. If your company should be here and isn't, tell me. Full list in the comments.

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 1 month ago
▲ 0 r/stroke

Stroke Technology companies in Europe

As paart of a wider map of 200+ neurotech companies based in Europe. Here's the stroke companies

Imaging and decision support: Brainomix (UK), stroke imaging AI across international networks, its 26-hospital study in England saw more patients treated and treated faster. Cerebriu (Denmark), automated stroke imaging. Resolve Stroke (France), ultrasound software for faster imaging. Time is Brain (Spain), portable monitoring of brain viability. Methinks (Spain), eye-tracking stroke assessment.

Recovery: CorTec (Germany), closed-loop implant used in rehab. Neurofenix (UK), home stroke rehab. Neuroplay (Poland), EEG neurofeedback for recovery.

Full taxonomy in the article, sorted by technology and country. Link in the comments. If your company should be there and isn't, tell me.

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 1 month ago

VNS companies in Europe

Part of a wider map of 200+ neurotech companies based in Europe. Here's the VNS slice, and it splits pretty cleanly into medical and consumer.

Medical: LivaNova (UK), the big one, VNS going back to the original epilepsy approval. Synergia Medical (Belgium), light-activated VNS. tVNS Technologies (Germany), medical ear-based VNS. AURIMOD (Austria), wearable ear VNS for chronic pain. Neurovalens (UK), wearable VNS, clinical focus.

Consumer/wellness: Pulsetto (Lithuania), Parasym (Estonia/UK), Vagustim (Turkey), SONA and ZenoWell, ear or neck devices sold for stress and wellness.

Full taxonomy in the article, sorted by technology and country. Link in the comments. Missing one? Tell me.

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 1 month ago

TMS companies in Europe

I've been mapping the neurotech companies based in Europe, over 200 across the whole field. Here's the TMS companies

Magstim (UK) and MagVenture (Denmark), the systems you'll see in clinics and labs worldwide. Nexstim (Finland), navigated TMS. sync2brain (Germany), TMS timed to live brain activity. Connectoma Neuro (Spain), scan-guided planning. Sinaptica Therapeutics (Italy), personalised rTMS with EEG, in Alzheimer's. MAG & More, neuroConn (Germany), ScienceBeam (Turkey), DEYMED (Czechia), the wider clinical and research layer.

Full taxonomy, every company and what it does, sorted by technology and country, in the article. Link in the comments. If I've missed one, tell me. Working map, not a finished one.

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 1 month ago
▲ 18 r/V2KTRUTH+1 crossposts

Neurotech in Europe - Market Map

I posted my Neurotech in Asia in map last week and have been working on a European one too. Thought I had it mapped at 107...but found over 200.

The ones building implants:

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics (Spain) is working on a graphene interface that can both read and stimulate the brain. First-in-human already done in tumour surgery, FDA Breakthrough for Parkinson's.

CorTec (Germany) built the first German implantable BCI used in a human. Their stroke system is designed to come out once the rehab is done, not stay in forever, which I find genuinely interesting.

Coherence Neuro (UK) is going after brain cancer with SOMA, a coin-sized implant paired with a wearable. Cambridge roots, first-in-human in Melbourne.

Neurosoft Bioelectronics (Switzerland) is making soft, stretchable interfaces that sit on the surface of the brain, with human studies running on both sides of the Atlantic.

The ones you might not have heard of:

ABILITY Neurotech (Switzerland) is building an interface to restore movement. CereGate (Germany) is writing signals back into the nervous system through implants people already have. Eightsix Science (UK) is working on lab-grown brain tissue to repair damaged circuits. And on the non-invasive side, NeuroCONCISE (UK) and BirgerMind (Latvia) are building interfaces for people with severe motor impairment to communicate and control devices.

That's a slice of one category out of ten. The full map, every company and what it does, sorted by technology and by country, is in the article.

https://preview.redd.it/ivargi04b7eh1.png?width=2160&format=png&auto=webp&s=6cb6ea7309668672cfdbd0ec18a1bb376cf934a0

Link in the comments. If your company should be on there and isn't, tell me.

reddit.com
u/Hopeful-War9584 — 1 month ago
▲ 20 r/neuro

Neurotech in Europe - Market Map

I recently posted about the Asian neurotech companies and was surprised how many I had missed/not heard of. I already had a list of 107 European companies but was surprised to find over 200 across a bunch of different technologies.

By technology:

Non-invasive stimulation (TMS, tDCS and more): 33
EEG, MEG and neural monitoring: 33
Imaging, diagnostics and biomarkers: 31
Brain implants and BCI: 25
Rehabilitation, robotics and prosthetics: 24
Research tools and components: 24
Neuromodulation (implants and nerve stimulation): 20
Neuro-AI, models and data: 12
Eye and movement tracking: 9
Surgical and interventional: 8

By country:

United Kingdom: 44
Switzerland: 24
Germany: 19
France: 18
Netherlands: 14
Denmark: 11
Belgium: 10
Spain: 10
Italy: 8
Sweden: 7
Finland: 7
Austria: 6
Ireland: 4
Poland: 4
Turkey: 4
Czechia: 3

Then two each across Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Estonia, Lithuania, Norway, Portugal and Ukraine, and one each across another ten countries.

The full breakdown is in the article so have a look. If your company should be on there and isn't, tell me. It's a working map, not a finished one.

Link in the comments.

https://preview.redd.it/djyzaen897eh1.png?width=2160&format=png&auto=webp&s=c29adb7d3a0d5b3111eab6735a5537b37b4c76cf

reddit.com
u/NeurotechNewsletter — 1 month ago
▲ 5 r/neurallace+2 crossposts

Neurotech in Europe - Market Map and Taxonomy

https://preview.redd.it/h0snxut567eh1.png?width=2160&format=png&auto=webp&s=c24ecd84c26c7b34309368783345c3d80df94b74

After my Neurotech in Asia article, I wanted to map the European market.

Found over 200 companies : wrote about it on my substack: https://theneurotechnewsletter.substack.com/p/neurotech-in-europe?r=53ri6k
A CURATED TAXONOMY OF EUROPEAN NEUROTECH BELOW

This is a working map, not a claim that Europe contains exactly 219 active, pure-play neurotech companies. It contains 154 active or continuing core-neurotech names, 59 active adjacent or borderline entries and six names retained as context, hold or removal cases. Every name appears once under the category that best fits its main product. Company names link to the current official site or the strongest available current record.

Tags are shown only when they add useful context: adjacent, borderline, active inside owner, likely active, historical context, hold and remove pending proof. A current core-neurotech company has no tag.

Implanted interfaces & BCIs (25)

ReVision Implant | Belgium | retinal implant for vision loss; first-in-human due 2026.

Axorus | France | retinal implant intended to restore a form of vision.

Pixium Vision | France; historical context | retinal implant; liquidated 2024, assets acquired by Science Corporation, technology later validated in NEJM.

BrainGrade | Germany/US; likely active | implant and stimulation platform being developed for Alzheimer's disease.

CereGate | Germany | writing signals back into the nervous system through existing implants.

CorTec | Germany | Brain Interchange closed-loop implant for stroke rehabilitation; first German implantable BCI in a human.

Insellar | Germany | minimally invasive brain interface being developed for severe depression.

Retina Implant AG | Germany; historical context | retinal implant; ceased operations after inconsistent outcomes.

Neunos | Hungary | closed-loop implant being developed to detect and interrupt seizures.

Corticale | Italy | chip-based cortical implant, research stage.

Manava Plus | Italy; likely active | implantable neural prosthesis being developed after spinal cord injury.

BirgerMind | Latvia | non-invasive communication BCI for people with severe motor impairment.

Intelimensa | Romania | non-invasive brain-computer interfaces for assistive and consumer use.

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics | Spain | graphene two-way interface; first-in-human in tumour surgery; FDA Breakthrough for Parkinson's.

Neuronano | Sweden | flexible electrodes being developed for deep-brain stimulation.

ABILITY Neurotech | Switzerland | surface-of-cortex interface aimed at restoring movement.

Aleva Neurotherapeutics | Switzerland | directional deep-brain stimulation designed to steer current more precisely.

Infera Neuro | Switzerland | low-power chips for implanted and wearable brain interfaces.

Neurosoft Bioelectronics | Switzerland/US | soft, stretchable brain-surface interfaces; human studies in Europe and the US; multiyear Science Corp partnership.

BIOS Health | United Kingdom | bioelectronic medicine, closed-loop neural interfaces.

Coherence Neuro | United Kingdom/US | SOMA therapeutic BCI for brain cancer; Cambridge origins, UK entity and first-in-human work in Melbourne.

Eightsix Science | United Kingdom | biohybrid brain-tissue grafts for repairing damaged neural circuits.

MindPortal | United Kingdom | brain-computer interface work focused on decoding imagined speech.

NeuralPulse | United Kingdom | adaptive implant being developed to detect and treat seizures.

NeuroCONCISE | United Kingdom | non-invasive brain-computer interface for communication and control.

Implanted & peripheral neuromodulation (20)

AURIMOD | Austria | wearable auricular vagus-nerve stimulation for chronic pain.

MED-EL | Austria | cochlear and other implantable hearing systems.

Cefaly | Belgium | trigeminal nerve stimulation for migraine.

Nyxoah | Belgium | hypoglossal nerve stimulation for sleep apnoea.

Synergia Medical | Belgium | light-activated vagus nerve stimulation.

Stimvia | Czechia | peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic conditions including Parkinson's symptoms.

Precisis | Germany | epicortical stimulation for epilepsy.

tVNS Technologies | Germany | medical auricular vagus-nerve stimulation.

Capri Medical | Ireland | small injectable wireless stimulators for peripheral nerves.

Mainstay Medical | Ireland | restorative spinal cord stimulation for chronic back pain.

Neuromod Devices | Ireland | bimodal stimulation for tinnitus.

Newronika | Italy | CE-marked alphaDBS adaptive deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease; FDA IDE for a pivotal US trial.

ONWARD Medical | Netherlands | spinal cord stimulation, transcutaneous and implantable; FDA De Novo for spinal cord injury.

Salvia BioElectronics | Netherlands | ultra-thin craniofacial implants for chronic migraine, no implanted battery.

Spinally | Spain; hold | minimally invasive spinal stimulation being developed for chronic pain.

Advanced Bionics | Switzerland; active inside owner | cochlear implant systems within the Sonova group.

Amber Therapeutics | United Kingdom | adaptive pudendal nerve stimulation for mixed urinary incontinence.

Galvani Bioelectronics | United Kingdom; historical context | GSK/Verily bioelectronic medicine; operations appear largely wound down despite an active corporate entity.

LivaNova | United Kingdom/US | London-domiciled global medtech; VNS business originated with Houston-based Cyberonics.

Neupulse | United Kingdom | wearable median-nerve stimulation being developed for Tourette syndrome.

Non-invasive neuromodulation & wellness (33)

Syntropic Medical | Austria | photobiomodulation for depression.

EMHANCE | Croatia | adaptive non-invasive neurostimulation, early-stage.

BrainBeams Health | Czechia | audio-visual neuromodulation, early-stage.

MagVenture | Denmark | transcranial magnetic stimulation systems.

OptoCeutics | Denmark | 40 Hz light-and-sound headset being studied for brain health.

Plato Science | Denmark | clinician-supervised tDCS, supplied through clinicians.

Parasym | Estonia/UK | non-invasive vagus-nerve stimulation.

Audicin | Finland/US; borderline | binaural-beat audio app and sleep headband; consumer wellness, not a medical device.

Nexstim | Finland | navigated TMS.

Sooma Medical | Finland | prescribed home tDCS for depression.

SonoMind | France | focused-ultrasound neuromodulation being developed for brain disorders.

Yneuro | France | experimental neural-authentication and brain-response technology.

MAG & More | Germany; active inside owner | TMS systems for clinical care and research.

neuroConn | Germany; active inside owner | clinical and research systems for non-invasive electrical brain stimulation.

Nuuron | Germany | light-based retinal stimulation being explored for Alzheimer's disease.

sync2brain | Germany | TMS timed to a person's live brain activity.

ZenoWell | Germany; borderline | ear-based vagus-nerve stimulation sold for consumer wellness.

Sinaptica Therapeutics | Italy/US | investigational personalised rTMS-EEG for Alzheimer's disease; Italian scientific origins and US headquarters.

Pulsetto | Lithuania; borderline | neck-worn vagus-nerve stimulation sold as a consumer wellness device.

QVITI | Poland | electrical brain stimulation paired with virtual-reality rehabilitation.

NION Neuroscience | Slovakia; borderline | consumer brain-stimulation device.

Connectoma Neuro | Spain | brain-scan-guided TMS planning.

Flow Neuroscience | Sweden | at-home tDCS; first FDA-authorised at-home device for depression, December 2025.

Mendi | Sweden; borderline | consumer optical neurofeedback headband.

Bottneuro | Switzerland | personalised home electrical brain stimulation.

BRNLIT.AI | Switzerland; borderline | EEG-personalised light sessions sold as a focus and wellness product.

Vagustim | Turkey; borderline | consumer ear-based vagus-nerve stimulation.

Charco Neurotech | United Kingdom; adjacent | wearable vibrotactile device for Parkinson's.

Magstim | United Kingdom | transcranial magnetic stimulation systems.

Neuronic | United Kingdom; borderline | consumer photobiomodulation headsets.

Neurovalens | United Kingdom | wearable vagus nerve stimulation.

Samphire Neuroscience | United Kingdom | tDCS for women's health.

SONA | United Kingdom; borderline; active inside owner | adaptive ear-based vagus-nerve stimulation sold for wellness.

EEG, MEG & neural monitoring (33)

Brainphonics | Belgium | EEG-based hearing and auditory processing assessment.

Farow | Belgium; adjacent | wearable seizure detection.

PAMEL | Croatia | EEG caps, electrodes and neurophysiology equipment.

MindXs | Cyprus; likely active | EEG software for neurological monitoring and decision support.

BrainCapture | Denmark | low-cost portable EEG.

Cebreo Medical | Denmark | ambulatory in-ear EEG through its NeuroBuds platform.

UNEEG Medical | Denmark | implantable long-term EEG.

Bittium | Finland | clinical neurophysiology and monitoring.

Cerenion | Finland | bedside EEG analysis for intensive care.

Neuro Event Labs | Finland | Nelli video and audio seizure monitoring; FDA 510(k) cleared 2025.

BioSerenity | France; active inside owner | EEG and monitoring; receivership, then continued under new ownership.

NAOX | France | in-ear EEG built into everyday earphones.

MindRove | Hungary | wearable EEG and muscle-signal development kits.

NeuroBell | Ireland | rapid neonatal EEG monitoring for newborn intensive care.

Empatica | Italy/US; adjacent | FDA-cleared and CE-certified medical wearables, epilepsy monitoring and digital biomarkers for clinical trials, sleep and Parkinson's care.

VIBRE | Italy | wearable EEG and software for tracking attention, fatigue and drowsiness.

LivAssured (NightWatch+) | Netherlands; adjacent; active inside owner | nocturnal seizure monitoring; acquired by Abilia in 2025.

MindAffect | Netherlands | EEG-based communication and hearing assessment.

Onera Health | Netherlands | patch-based home sleep diagnostics.

CortiVision | Poland | portable optical brain-monitoring systems.

mBrainTrain | Serbia | mobile EEG systems for research outside the laboratory.

mjn-neuro | Spain | in-ear seizure prediction.

Brainlink Health | Sweden | long-term monitoring for pressure and shunt problems inside the skull.

SensoDetect | Sweden | auditory brainstem and EEG-based assessment.

Optohive | Switzerland | wearable optical brain sensing for everyday settings.

ScienceBeam | Turkey | EEG, TMS and neurophysiology systems.

Atlas Wearables | United Kingdom | behind-the-ear sleep staging and neuromodulation device, early-stage.

Cerca Magnetics | United Kingdom | wearable magnetoencephalography, or MEG, for measuring brain activity.

CoMind | United Kingdom | non-invasive optical monitoring of blood flow and pressure in the brain.

Cumulus Neuroscience | United Kingdom | at-home digital biomarker platform.

MYndspan | United Kingdom | consumer-accessible MEG brain scans.

Neuronostics | United Kingdom | seizure-risk software.

NeuroX | United Kingdom | EEG and neurofeedback clinics; NEVE nervous-system platform and in-ear EEG in development.

Imaging, diagnostics & digital biomarkers (31)

icometrix | Belgium; active inside owner | brain MRI quantification; acquired by GE HealthCare 2025.

Neuroventis | Belgium; adjacent | digital monitoring for epilepsy and migraine.

Brainreader | Denmark | automated measurement of brain structures from MRI.

Cercare Medical | Denmark | brain perfusion imaging.

Cerebriu | Denmark | automated stroke imaging.

NeuroTech AI | Estonia; adjacent | camera-based movement analysis for earlier Parkinson's assessment.

Combinostics | Finland; active inside owner | dementia and MS decision support.

ICONEUS | France | functional ultrasound systems for imaging brain activity.

Pixyl | France | lesion analysis.

Qynapse | France | MRI volumetrics.

Resolve Stroke | France | ultrasound software for faster brain and stroke imaging.

Seenel Imaging | France | multimodal brain-imaging systems.

DeepSpin | Germany | lower-cost portable MRI under development.

PD Neurotechnology | Greece; adjacent | wearable movement monitoring for Parkinson's disease.

Myelin-H | Luxembourg; adjacent; likely active | remote neurological monitoring for conditions including multiple sclerosis.

BrainTrip | Malta | EEG-based cognitive assessment.

Brain Innovation | Netherlands | BrainVoyager software for MRI and optical brain-imaging analysis.

Neurocast | Netherlands; adjacent | smartphone and typing-based digital biomarkers.

NordicNeuroLab | Norway | functional MRI hardware and software used in clinical and research settings.

BrainScan | Poland | MRI and fMRI analytics, pre-seed.

Neuroinova | Portugal; adjacent | digital cognitive monitoring and rehabilitation.

Time is Brain | Spain | portable monitoring intended to show brain viability during stroke.

Brainquant | Switzerland; likely active | AI analysis of brain MRI for neurodegenerative disease.

Connectome Health | Switzerland | wearable fNIRS brain sensing and AI.

DEEGtal | Switzerland | AI-assisted EEG interpretation.

Positrigo | Switzerland | compact brain PET.

Brainomix | United Kingdom | stroke imaging AI, across international stroke networks.

Cambridge Cognition | United Kingdom; adjacent | digital cognitive, speech and clinical-trial assessments.

Kneu Health | United Kingdom; adjacent | at-home speech, movement and cognitive monitoring for Parkinson's and dementia.

Machine Medicine | United Kingdom; adjacent | camera-based measurement of movement in Parkinson's disease.

Thymia | United Kingdom; adjacent | speech, video and game-based mental-health assessment.

NeuroAI, models & data infrastructure (12)

Insai | Denmark | foundation models for sleep and EEG data.

Karavela AI | France | foundation models built from brain-imaging data.

Nimbus | Netherlands | developer infrastructure for brain-computer interfaces.

Zander Labs | Netherlands | cognitive and neurotechnology systems.

Braincredible | Switzerland; likely active | EEG datasets and computational brain models.

FinalSpark | Switzerland | remote research access to living-neuron computing systems.

HBImed | Switzerland | EEG reference databases and clinical analysis software.

CerebrAI-VortX | Turkey | software and development tools for EEG-based brain-computer interfaces.

BrainPatch | United Kingdom | EEG neurofeedback, early-stage.

Cogitat | United Kingdom | software for decoding EEG and other neural signals.

Netholabs | United Kingdom | whole-brain computational models for research and drug development.

Prima Mente | United Kingdom; adjacent | biological foundation models for drug and brain research.

Eye, movement & behavioural signals (9)

SOMAREALITY | Austria; adjacent | eye tracking and behavioural measurement in virtual reality.

neuroClues | Belgium | high-speed eye-movement biomarkers for neurological disease; live in seven countries.

Phasya | Belgium; adjacent; active inside owner | eye-based fatigue and drowsiness monitoring.

Pupil Labs | Germany; adjacent | research eye-tracking hardware and software.

Purple Gaze | Netherlands; adjacent | high-frequency eye tracking for cognitive and neurological biomarkers.

Methinks | Spain; adjacent | eye-tracking stroke assessment.

Tobii | Sweden; adjacent | global commercial eye-tracking systems.

machineMD | Switzerland | neuro-ophthalmology diagnostics.

Emteq Labs | United Kingdom; adjacent | eyewear that measures facial-muscle and behavioural signals.

Rehabilitation, robotics & prosthetics (24)

Tyromotion | Austria; adjacent | robotic upper-limb rehabilitation.

Re4Life | Bulgaria; adjacent | robotic and sensor-assisted rehabilitation.

Brain+ | Denmark; adjacent | digital cognitive rehabilitation and dementia-care software.

Neurinnov | France; adjacent | functional electrical stimulation for hand function.

Wandercraft | France; adjacent | self-balancing exoskeleton.

Ottobock | Germany; adjacent | prosthetics and myoelectric control, close to a century old.

Össur | Iceland; adjacent | advanced prosthetics and bionic mobility systems.

BionIT Labs | Italy; adjacent | muscle-controlled bionic hands.

Motek Medical | Netherlands; adjacent | gait analysis and immersive rehabilitation systems.

Neuroplay | Poland | EEG neurofeedback for healthy ageing and stroke recovery.

Neroes | Portugal; borderline | EEG neurofeedback used for performance and wellbeing.

NeuroReVive | Romania; adjacent | sensor-driven hand orthosis for home and clinic rehabilitation.

Kinestica | Slovenia; adjacent | movement training and neurorehabilitation devices.

ABLE Human Motion | Spain; adjacent | portable exoskeleton.

Integrum | Sweden; adjacent | osseointegrated and neural-connected prosthetics.

Comphya | Switzerland; adjacent | EMG-driven hand rehabilitation.

Hocoma | Switzerland; adjacent; active inside owner | established robotic gait and rehabilitation systems.

MindMaze | Switzerland | VR neuro-rehabilitation.

Myotron | Turkey; fit unverified; remove pending proof | muscle-signal-controlled prosthetics and rehabilitation systems.

Esper Bionics | Ukraine/US; adjacent | muscle-sensing bionic prostheses.

Neuro Deep Tech | Ukraine; likely active | brain-computer interfaces, prosthetics and neurorehabilitation.

COVVI | United Kingdom; adjacent | multi-articulated myoelectric hands.

Neurofenix | United Kingdom; adjacent | home stroke rehabilitation.

Open Bionics | United Kingdom; adjacent | myoelectric Hero Arm prostheses.

Surgical & interventional technology (8)

Carthera | France; adjacent | focused ultrasound for blood-brain barrier opening.

DIXI Medical | France | depth electrodes for epilepsy.

Brainlab | Germany; adjacent | surgical navigation and radiosurgery software, in ~4,000 hospitals across 120+ countries.

Clee Medical | Switzerland; adjacent | real-time imaging and navigation support for brain procedures.

Rhovica Neuroimaging | Switzerland; adjacent | navigation for ventricular catheters used in neurosurgery.

Panda Surgical | United Kingdom; adjacent | robotic assistance for neurosurgery.

QV Bioelectronics | United Kingdom; adjacent | implantable electric-field therapy being developed for glioblastoma.

Renishaw Neuro Solutions | United Kingdom; adjacent; active inside owner | robot-assisted systems for stereotactic neurosurgery.

Research tools & components (24)

g.tec medical engineering | Austria | research EEG and BCI systems.

DEYMED Diagnostic | Czechia | EEG, EMG, TMS and sleep-diagnostic systems.

NextMind | France; historical context | consumer EEG; acquired by Snap.

Wisear | France; active inside owner | in-ear neural interface; acquired.

BEE Medic | Germany/Switzerland | EEG and neurofeedback equipment for clinics and research.

Brain Products | Germany | research-grade EEG amplifiers.

NIRx | Germany | functional near-infrared brain-imaging hardware and software.

WISE | Italy | preclinical neural probes.

BrainAccess | Lithuania; active inside owner | dry-electrode EEG and brain-computer interface systems from Neurotechnology.

ANT Neuro | Netherlands | research-grade EEG and BCI systems.

Artinis | Netherlands | functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

BioSemi | Netherlands | high-channel-count EEG and biopotential recording systems.

Holberg EEG | Norway; active inside owner | EEG software; acquired.

Bitbrain | Spain | research EEG and BCI.

Neuroelectrics | Spain | combined EEG recording and transcranial stimulation.

Starlab | Spain | neuroscience research systems.

3Brain | Switzerland | high-density electrode arrays.

IDUN Technologies | Switzerland | in-ear EEG.

MaxWell Biosystems | Switzerland | high-density electrode arrays.

Cambridge NeuroTech | United Kingdom | silicon recording probes.

Gowerlabs | United Kingdom | functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

MintNeuro | United Kingdom | implant electronics and chips.

PiEEG | United Kingdom | low-cost open-source EEG on single-board computers.

Scottish Brain Sciences | United Kingdom; borderline | EEG and neurofeedback research, Edinburgh.

Scope notes

Brainclinics is part of the story but is not counted in the 219 because it is an independent Dutch non-profit research institute rather than a conventional company. Its work includes EEG datasets, TMS and precision psychiatry.

Five names from the first version were removed when the scope was tightened: Acurable, Sunrise, UroMems, Clinical Laserthermia Systems and Sensome. They are not included in the 219.

The inclusion rule is simple: the core product must measure, interpret, stimulate, interface with or restore the nervous system, or supply specialist infrastructure used to do that work. Adjacent and borderline names remain visible because they help readers see where reasonable people may draw the boundary differently.

Method and source notes

The future-facing section was checked against the Dutch government’s 6 July 2026 medtech announcement and NeurotechEU’s official alliance and NEURICOO pages.

Company statuses and milestones were checked against primary announcements, regulatory records and public filings from the previous eighteen months where available.

The main regulatory and clinical checks included Flow Neuroscience’s December 2025 FDA authorisation, INBRAIN’s 2025 first-in-human interim results, ONWARD’s FDA De Novo authorisation, Newronika’s FDA investigational-device exemption and the New England Journal of Medicine report on the former Pixium retinal implant. Neurosoft’s human studies, February 2026 Science Corp partnership and May 2026 financing were checked against Neurosoft, Science and the financing announcement.

Corporate checks covered GE HealthCare’s acquisition of icometrix, LivaNova’s corporate history and Galvani’s current status. Galvani’s status reflects both the live corporate record and direct industry knowledge, so it is marked as status-unclear rather than stated flatly.

The narrative also draws on my Open Loop interviews with Balder Onarheim of Plato Science, Frank Desiere of CorTec, Daniel Mansson of Flow Neuroscience, Ildar Rakhmatulin and Youssef El Abbassi of PiEEG, Laura Avonius of Audicin, George Harston of Brainomix and Anoop Antony of NeuroX. Additional taxonomy entries were surfaced in the project’s published company landscapes for epilepsy, sleep, mental health and neurodegeneration, then checked against current company materials where available.

The expanded taxonomy was checked again country by country in July 2026 using company websites, current owner pages, public records, the NeuroFounders map and corrections from readers. This remains an open working map and I welcome specific corrections.

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