u/bishtap

For congestion charge, and symbols on the street floor, is there a difference between a C on a red background Vs a C on a white background?

what options do you choose to speak to a person on 222 1234?

Got charged twice for congestion charge , something went wrong with the payment processing.

Is there a PDF of the 1993 Blue Book? i.e. the 1993 IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry

I found a PDF for the 1979 blue book

https://publications.iupac.org/pac-2007/1979/pdf/5105x1101.pdf

And a PDF for the 2013 blue book

https://iupac.qmul.ac.uk/BlueBook/

https://iupac.qmul.ac.uk/BlueBook/PDF/2013BlueBook.pdf

But I can't find a PDF for the 1993 Blue Book

Thanks

Did Bard have a "temperature setting" (available to end users), that got removed when they "upgraded" it to Gemini?

Can GoogleAI Studio be like Gemini but with temperature set to 0?

I've used Gemini and it's annoying that when I upload something to it and ask it about it, it makes stuff up. I asked it how I can prevent that and it said I need an LLM with temperature set to 0 to remove creativity. And it said I could run something locally or try an online option and one of the online options it suggested is Google's AI Studio.

I have tried that but the only Chat like option has a button for "build an app".

If I say "hello", (wanting a bland reply - 'cos temperature set to 0), then it thinsk for a while and it generates an app, it says "I have successfully completed the greeting card application, focusing on a clean, minimalist layout with high-quality typography and animations:"

That's not what I want.

I do know how to program but i'm not looking for something to generate a program for me.

Is Google AI Studio the wrong tool for my purposes?

I have used NotebookLM and that is incredible and the kind of thing i'm looking for. But i'm wondering if GoogleAI Studio can be a bit like that, like Gemini but with Temperature set to 0 and so can focus on a text I upload to it.

My last meal before the prep, I kind of maybe constipated myself.. The allowed meals menu said white fish and didn't mention tuna. I had cod and white rice. The pieces of cod weren't like small flaky pieces of tuna . So I can see how I constipated myself. That and the thick gooey white rice. I felt a tightness in the solar plexus from the white rice and cod that I must have eaten too quickly and in pieces too large.

​

I started to quite enjoy the prep. Drinking water and the water coming out my bum. Really cleaning the bowels out. And seeing from the output in the toilet and indicator of whether bowels were clear.

​

They appeared clear for a while then got some brown sediment in one toilet go which must have been the food that had gotten stuck earlier!

​

At some point during prep I ran out of water , ordered some n deliveroo. Drove 30min to the hospital at 6am far earlier than I needed to be because I was concerned of needing the toilet on the way and the later I leave , the more traffic. I could need the toilet every 5min it was a miracle I managed the 30min drive without needing the toilet. I think what helped was I hadn't drank water between the water running out and the deliveroo driver arriving 1hr later with water.

​

I wasn't nervous initially but the nurse made me nervous. I didn't know what a cannula was (it's a thing they put on your arm and they give you one needle in and out and after that they can administer medication through the vein without the use of any needle). I saw her with the needle, looked away, she told me to straighten my arm and make a fist, and she strapped the thing on my arm, I thought there was a needle still in there. Then the nurse left the room. I needed the toilet and tried to not go cos I thought there was a needle in my arm. Eventually I went while keeping my arm straight .. I felt nauseous like I was going to pass out sitting there with what I thought was a needle in my arm.

​

I was sat in another room and it was quite cold. I put my coat over myself being careful not to bend the arm that I thought had a needle in it.

​

I reached the operating table and was told it's ok I can bend my arm there is no needle in there. And there won't be any needle in there cos they can administer medication through the cannula!!!

​

The doctor was convinced that I am a very nervous patient. I asked her how she concluded that or figured that out. She wouldn't say. She said "experience". Probably cos the nurse had told her I was nervous.

​

I was offered Entonox aka gas and air, which is a painkiller breathed in through a tube as needed/wanted. Or, sedation, which is conscious sedation. I said "gas and air" . I had checked Google earlier and a paper said entonox has high patient satisfaction. The doctor encouraged me to do sedation, and I had checked with a relative and they had done sedation. I said let's do gas and air and if it's too painful then do the sedation. The doctor said she thought it best if we just went straight ahead with sedation. I said no point. Gas and air is fine, it's probably not that painful anyway. I said to the doctor "suppose I am nervous/anxious. So what. What could go wrong?". She said bowels could spasm but we give you some medication anyway to prevent that. I said fine so gas and air

​

Middle of procedure the doctor said I made the right call re gas and air.

​

They asked me to take some inhalations at the beginning. And at a few points during.

​

It was interesting to see on screen, them remove a few polyps and take some samples. She said there is no inflammation.. that's luckier than a relative.

​

Parts of the bowels looked ugly.. one part looked kind of strangely pretty. And a lot looked average.

​

I had a lot of questions for the doctor but didn't ask her any cos I didn't want to distract her. Not during the operation and not after when she is organising things.

​

Afterwards the nurse remarked on how I didn't need any gas and air even. I said I took some. Then she said she is going to remove the needle. I told her "There is no needle" and I told her that she is making me nervous with all this talk about a needle when there is no needle. She said she is removing the cannula.

​

The report said I was nervous initially but not during the procedure. (No thanks to the nurse). It said I tolerated it well.

​

At times they asked me to shift more to one side or the other side or to my back. I made the movements slowly cos I thought maybe if I did it quickly it might hurt cos I thought there's a camera in there.

​

I did feel gassy up there, my relative said they put gas up there .. and to fart it out. But I didn't feel like I can fart it out cos there's a camera up there.. my stomach felt a little sore but very mild. I don't know if I should have pushed (the way it's not recommended to push a poo out), to get air or fart out but I thought that might control the bowels in a way not good when a camera is up there, so I didn't. Maybe it's have been more comfortable if I had but it was not too uncomfortable.

​

Have been to the toilet first time Wednesday after procedure on Monday. That was probably the one time on wednesday. And Been twice on Thursday. So not many bowel movements. Quality of poo is good.

​

I think the combination of clean out and whatever medication they gave to stop bowel spasms, probably helped.

​

If I were to get it done frequently I'd certainly want to make my own concoction and avoid PLENVU. Something like the Macrogel so that when drinking water it goes out the bum and not getting peed out. And some electrolytes like the pills sports people have in water. PLENVU even had sweeteners.. aspartame. horrible. That said their "fruit punch" one , the second dose was a lot less disgusting than the first dose which was mango flavour. So unhealthy tasting.. sweet and salty and sweet vis sweeteners.

I am meant to have had dose 1 at 2pm, and dose 2 split into 2, one at 6pm today and tomorrow 6am. Colonoscopy is about 11am tomorrow.

dose1 is Macrogol 3350 100g, sodium sulfate anhydrous 9g, sodium chloride 2g, potassium chloride 1g, mango flavour.

dose2 sachetA Macrogol 3350 40g sodium chloride 3.2g, potassium chloride 1.2g

dose2 sachetB Sodium ascorbate 48.11g , Ascorbic acid 7.54g

Instruction for sachet labelled dose1 is mix with 500ml of water.

Instruction for sachets labelled dose2 is mix both together into 500ml of water. Have 250ml at 6pm and put 250ml in fridge for 6am tomorrow.

I started dose 1 at 3pm and it's so disgusting i'm still making my way through it at 6pm! I think i'll have dose 1 finished by 7pm.

It's working, i've been going to the toilet lots of times with diarrhea as intended. But this is really concentrated salty sweet disgusting stuff. I can manage sips or somewhat big sips but with breaks. It's too sweet and salty for me to drink much at once.

I guess I could go into dose 2 with hardly any gap between finishing dose 1 and starting dose 2.

otherwise i've got no chance of getting through the half of dose 2 i'm meant to do today.

Also makes me think maybe I should start the second half of dose 2 earlier 'cos it is taking me so long to get through this disgusting stuff.

I could have more water though that'd dilute it a bit so not such a good idea.

I've got diarrhea going though as intended.

I notice that my "3 day before" list, counts among "clear fluids" black tea and black coffee.

The one day before from 12 noon instructions, forbid solid food and allow "acceptable clear fluids"

Which would include black coffee.

Is that unusual for a list to accept black coffee as a clear fluid / clear liquid?

Is an Americana on the far arm from top initially Kesa Gatame position(when bottom guy tries to frame), a good move?

So for example Suppose we have this position.. i've circled two hands for ease of reference.

https://preview.redd.it/u0m569woky1h1.png?width=272&format=png&auto=webp&s=e5bd4695182e9e8d932832229ddef9e9819ee652

Now suppose the buttom guy frames with his left hand (red circled hand), i'm calling bottom guy's far arm, against the neck of the top guy.

Could the top guy reach across with his (top guy's) left hand, (hand circled in blue), and pin the bottom guy's left wrist (the hand/wrist circled in red),

Then top guy could use his left hand (which I haven't circled), pin the bottom guy's left wrist.

Top guy could weave his left hand (circled in blue) under bottom guy's humerus/upper arm, and switch his legs so as to be more flat, and do an Americana.

So, top guy starts with Kesa Gatame , holding bottom guy's in this case right arm. Bottom guy wouldn't want to frame with his(bottom guy's) right arm 'cos he could get head arm triangled. Bottom guy tries to frame with his left arm , against top guy's neck. And top guy exploits that and bottom guy gets his(bottom guy's) left arm americanad. Top guy will be changing out of scarf hold Kesa Gatame to do it.

I heard from one person(a black belt), that they love that move, they do a Kesa Gatame and want the bottom guy to try framing 'cos then bottom guy is screwed. They thought a high level person would be taking a huge risk if framing with that hand. (and obviously they cetrainly don't want to frame with the other arm, right arm in the pic, 'cos they don't want to get head arm triangled), but even framing with the left arm(left arm in the pic), is a huge risk 'cos of the Americana. So you really have to avoid getting into a Kesa Gatame at all.

And I heard from another person that the move doing an Americana on that (circled) arm won't work against anybody unless they are a complete beginner because there is too much space , it's far too easy to defend it. And there's a lot of time to defend it too.

I'm not talking about the between the legs Americana that can be done on the bottom guy's right arm. But the Americana that can be done on the bottom guy's left arm(circled in red). Top guy locks it in from Kesa Gatame position but transitions to a more flat side control to execute and finish the Americana.

Thanks

I notice that Wikipedia says "electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous biological and physical reaction."

Isn't that a problematic statement.. Because for example, if we take an electroplating example, the ECell could be 0. And electroplating is meant to be an example of electrolysis.

e.g. If we have a beaker containing silver nitrate, a silver rod, a copper ring, and a battery used to silver plate the copper ring, then the redox reaction is the two half reactions

Ag^(+) + e^(-) => Ag (s) E(red)= 0.800

and

Ag (s) => Ag^(+) + e^(-) E(ox) = -0.800

So ECell = 0

If the statement on Wikipedia had said

electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive a reaction that is (or is otherwise) not spontaneous, then that'd be correct.

Like Not positive, includes 0 and negative. Whereas the word "Negative", excludes 0. And they are meant to be including 0. Because electroplating including that example where Ecell=0, is considered to be electrolysis.

Any case of a battery driving a reaction that is not spontaneous, counts as electrolysis.

Technically it seems to me it should say drives a not spontaneous reaction. Or for better flowing English, drives a reaction that is not spontaneous.

I saw an advanced book on electrochemistry.. by fuller and harb, that (rightly) says "If the reaction is spontaneous, then we can obtain work from the reaction. If it is not spontaneous as written, then we would need to add work to force the reaction to go in that direction."

Wouldn't it be more correct if Wikipedia said (rather like what Fuller and Harb says), Electrolytic cells drive a reaction that is not spontaneous.. Instead of what it currently says, which is that electrolytic cells drive a reaction that is non spontaneous?

Note- I know maybe some on reddit might use the word spontaneous in a slightly different sense, but i'm using the definition of spontaneous mentioned on wikipedia here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_process "In thermodynamics, a spontaneous process is a process which occurs without any external input to the system. "

(Which is the standard definition for spontaneous in the context of electrochemical cells).

Spontaneous is DeltaG < 0 Where DeltaG = -nFEcell

ECell is an EMF calculated when there's no battery.

So i'm not talking here about a DeltaG = -nFE where E is calculated while the circuit is running.. I'm talking specifically DeltaG = -nfE where E = ECell, an EMF. So DeltaG = -nFEcell

So even when the reaction is happening, it's correct to say a reaction that is not spontaneous, is taking place. But i'm not asking here about the definition of spontaneous. I'm using the same definition of spontaneous as wikipedia does and what I think is the standard definition of spontaneous.

I'm asking about the difference between saying an electrolytic cell involves a battery driving a non spontaneous reaction, Vs, saying that an electrolytic cell involves a battery driving a reaction that is not spontaneous. I think the latter is technically correct, and the former is technically incorrect.. As the electropating example I mentioned, has ECell=0 and should be included(covered by the definition) since it counts as a case of electrolysis. And of the two definitions for electrolysis, only the definition that says drives a reaction that is not spontaneous, includes it.

I notice that the specification says

"thermodynamically unfavored (ΔG° > 0)."

That's fine and correct.

And it says "electrolytic cells involve a thermodynamically unfavored reaction"

Isn't that a problematic statement.. Because for example, if we take an electroplating example, the ECell could be 0. And electroplating is meant to be an example of electrolysis.

e.g. If we have a beaker containing silver nitrate, a silver rod, a copper ring, and a battery used to silver plate the copper ring, then the redox reaction is the two half reactions

Ag^(+) + e^(-) => Ag (s) E(red)= 0.800

and

Ag (s) => Ag^(+) + e^(-) E(ox) = -0.800

So ECell = 0

If the statement in the curriculum had said that electrolytic cells involve a reaction that is not thermdynamically favoured, (aka not spontaneous), then that'd be correct.

Like Not positive, includes 0 and negative. Whereas the word "Negative", excludes 0. And they are meant to be including 0. Because electroplating including that example where Ecell=0, is considered to be electrolysis.

Any case of a battery driving a reaction that is not spontaneous i.e. driving a reaction that is not thermdynamically favoured.. counts as electrolysis.

It may be that some texts make that statement that electrolysis is where a non-spontaneous / thermodynamically unfavourable reaction is driven by a battery. But technically it seems to me it should say drives a not spontaneous reaction. Or for better flowing English, drives a reaction that is not spontaneous.

I saw an advanced book on electrochemistry.. by fuller and harb, that (rightly) says "If the reaction is spontaneous, then we can obtain work from the reaction. If it is not spontaneous as written, then we would need to add work to force the reaction to go in that direction."

We can change the word spontaneous to thermodynamically favoured and it means the same thing.

Wouldn't the curriculum be more correct if it said Electrolytic cells involve a reaction that is not thermodynamically favoured.. Instead of what it currently says, which is "electrolytic cells involve a thermodynamically unfavored reaction" ?

AP might even use that silver nitrate, silver rod,copper ring example that has Ecell=0 . I've seen the example asked about here.

Somebody made a post asking if there are any videos showing forehand serves, low and high. They said they couldn't find videos on youtube

I replied to them that there might not be much online tutorial on it because e.g. in doubles people do low serve nowadays. And in top international mens singles it's not done.. That was fine.

But then I looked around youtube (to check if there really so hard to find or non-existent), and I found some videos, and made a comment with 4 or 5 links. I made the comment 3 months ago but it just got deleted by moderators today. There are some nice extension that tells you when this happens, but unfortunately they don't give a reason.

I'm wondering if it was because of some limit on how many links can be in a comment?

Videos were from Badminton Famly, Coaching Badminton, Badminton Insight, Badminton Coach Kennie

And as mentioned in the comment, those videos are Either covering just low. Or low and high. Or both (being deceptive and changing it last moment to low or high).

Were Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle ever mentioned by name in A level curricula?

I looked through some current curricula and they don't mention by name, Hund's rule or the Pauli exclusion principle. (books mention the concept, but the curricula don't mention those rules/principles by name). I can't even see A level books mentioning Hund's rule or the Pauli exclusion principle by name.

Is it something that was in the curriculums in the past and then got removed? Or in books in the past but no longer? (If so that suggests that it was in the currulums but no longer)?

I know O4 is very obscure.

In O4 (Tetraoxygen), is it only a Van Der Waal nteraction between the two O2s?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraoxygen

Is it unknown what force is between the two O2s?

Thanks

Where is a pre 2014 AP chemistry specification available?

I'm curious to see it. But i'm not sure where I can find it online?

I heard there was a big change pre and post 2014.

Thanks

Are there two ways to finish a rear naked choke..

Eg let's say my right arm is the choking arm and goes in front of their neck, and my left arm is the supporting arm and goes behind their neck.

One way to finish is a rock the baby like motion with my arms, going to the right, so in the direction of my choking arm's elbow

And the other way is more like a shrug motion so instead of my arms sliding right and up, they might go right a bit but they go mainly just up.

Is one of the methods an older way, and one a newer way?

I've heard one or perhaps both of these methods described as like slitting the throat cos like the left thumb runs close past the side of their neck.