u/rzabomut

egyptian goose (A. egyptiaca) - it used to be present in the balkans and middle east until 1700's and today is reintroduced but only as small populations or vagrants from other regions like western europe or palestine, the only place where reintroduced population is established is levant, it is also introduced in big parts of europe, UAE and americas with populations from the first two being possibly native but pretty unlikely especially because it seems like egyptian goose is actively demaging western europe's ecosystems

malagasy shelduck (A. sirabensis) - an extinct species thats used to be present on madagascar until the arrival of humans and is now extinct, (re)introduction of egyptian goose would be deffinitely a good idea

mauritius sheldgoose (A. mauritiana) - an extinct species that used to be present on mauritius, egyptian sheldgoose is reintroduced and established on island filling the extinct mauritius sheldgoose niche

reunion sheldgoose (A. kervazoi) - an extinct species that used to be present on reunion, currently egyptian goose can be seen there but it's not established by far and is only a rare vagrant from mauritius, (re)establishing egyptian goose populations on reunion would be deffinitely a good idea

Forgotten even when positioned in the center

I've been in Karkonosze few years ago and found this weird symbol near Chybotek. I tried to find by Google lens what is it but nothing matched it. Recently I visited the place again and I remembered about it and thought that maybe somebody could've identify it

probably some are missing, let me know in the comments if you know the species that are missing

1.Juniperus (still lives in europe)
2.Cupressus (still lives in europe)
3.Calocedrus
4.Cryptomeria
5.Glyptostrobus
6.Matasequoia
7.Sequoia
8.Taxodium
9.Thuja
10.Sciadopitys
11.Torreya
12.Taxus (still lives in europe)
13.Cephalotaxus
14.Abies (still lives in europe)
15.Larix (still lives in europe)
16.Picea (still lives in europe)
17.Pinus (still lives in europe)
18.Cathaya
19.Tsuga and Pseudotsuga (i would reach the limit so i unfortunately had to make it like this)
20.Ginkgo

all of them look like just casual trees but if you look closer then you see they are completely diffrient plants. this is just and appreciation list of (part of) pliocene flora of europe but if you are intrested in topic after seeing this then you absolutaly should do research at your own and yes - those are all (i can be wrong so if thats not all and you know the missing genera then tell in the comment, i will add the missing species to description)

1.Megalomys desmarestii † (martinique)
2.Megalomys luciae † (saint lucia)
3.Oligoryzomys victus † (O. fulvescens on picture) (saint vincent)
4.Oryzomys sp. † (O. palustris on picture) (barbados)
5.Oryzomys spp. † (O. couesi on picture) (grenada) (two diffrient species)
6.Oryzomyini indet. † (Oryzomys palustris on picture) (carriacou, guadeloupe, la desirade, marie galante) (at least two diffrient species)
7.Amazona martinicana † (martinique)
8.Amazona violacea † (guadeloupe)
9.Ara guadeloupensis † (guadeloupe) (hypothetical)
10.Ara martinica † (martinique) (hypothetical)
11.Aratinga sp. † (A. solstitialis on picture) (dominica and barbados (two diffrient species probably))(hypothetical)
12.Psittacara labati † (guadeloupe) (hypothetical)
13.Leucopeza semperi † (saint lucia)
14.Pholidoscelis cineraceus † (guadeloupe) and P. major † (petite terre)
15.Leiocephalus herminieri † (martinique)
16.Tityus exstinctus † (guadeloupe)
17.extinct snails † (Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis (guadeloupe), Incerticyclus cinereus and I. martinicensis (first one on picture) (martinique), Pleurodonte desidens (P. guadeloupensis on picture) (martinique)
18.locally extinct birds (Athene cunicularia, Eupsittula pertinax, Troglodytes aedon (probably separate species)

guadeloupe is also counted

some species (especially unnamed and obscure ones) may be missing, tell me in comments if you know species that is missing)

[OC]
original: Brennan Stokkerman

1.Zygolophodon borsoni (by Mehdi Nikbakhsh)
2.Anancus arvernensis (by WillemsvdMerwe)
3.Mammuthus meridionalis (by Simone Zoccante) (including closely related forms like M. gromovi and M. rumanus)
4.Amphiorycteropus depereti (don't know artist, image from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiorycteropus )
5.Metaxytherium subapenninum (don't know artist, image from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxytherium )

two last went extinct in early villafranchian so a bit before pleistocene technically starts but i included them too

tell me in the comments if you know artists of last two, they aren't also the exact species from villafranchian europe but other species from this genera

Hirola (Beatragus hunteri) is a species of antelope thats once lived all across eastern africa (from egypt to south africa) and in plio-pleistocene it (or it's close relatives/ancestral species) lived all across whole africa, now it's critically endangered and live only in two small populations in kenya.
many species survived something like this (for example giant panda) but hirola is very unfamous and there aren't many conservtion projects for saving this species
if it wents extinct whole, once very widespread genus would be gone

i'm making this post so more people will know about it

this is only small part of only europe

1.cuban sloth † (Acratoconus antillensis)
2.cuban giant sloth † (Megalocnus rodens)
3.cuban rodent like sloths † (Neocnus gliriformis and N. major)
4.oriente cave rat and torre's cave rat † (Boromys ofella and B. torrei)
5.at least two species of Capromys † (there are many synonymized) (extant C. desmaresti on picture)
6.at least one species of Geocapromys † (extant G. brownii on picture)
7.at least one species of Mesocapromys † (extant M. melanurus on picture) (older literature says that there are even 7 but most of them are probably not valid)
8.cuban monkey † (Paralouatta varonai)
9.cuban nesophontes † (Nesophontes micrus and N. major) (N. edithae on picture)
10.giant solenodon † (Atopogale arredondoi) (A. cubana on picture)
11.extinct † and locally extinct bats (Mormoops magna, pteronotus pristinus, Mormoops megalophylla (locally extinct), Artibeus anthonyi, Cubanycteris silvai, Phyllops vetus and P. silvai (P. vetus on picture), Desmodus rotundus (locally extinct),
12.cuban cave rail and cuban poorwill † (Siphonorhis daiquiri (S. americana on picture) and Nesotrochis picapicensis (N. debooyi on picture)
13.cuban flightless crane and cuban owl species † (Antigone cubensis, Bubo osvaldoi, Ornimegalonyx oteroi, Pulsatrix arredondoi, Tyto riveroi and T. cravesae (i couldn't find any pictures of T.cravesae but it was probably similar to T. riveroi), T. pollens, T. noeli (i was only able to find bone pictures))
14.cuban birds of prey and storks † (Caracara creightoni, Falco kurochkini, Daptrius carbo (D. chimachima on picture), Buteogallus borrasi (B. urubutinga on picture), Gigantohierax spp., Buteogallus woodwardi, Oscaravis olsoni, Cathartes emsliei, Gymnogyps varonai, Ciconia lydekkeri)
15.other extinct birds † (Campephilus principalis, Dolichonyx kruegeri (D. oryzivorus on picture), Scytalopus sp. (S. argentifrons on picture), Ara tricolor)
16.locally extinct birds (Hesperoburhinus bistriatus, Tigrisoma mexicanum, Buteo lineatus, Geranoaetus melanoleucus, Falco femoralis)
17.cuban giant tortoise † (Chelonoidis cubensis) (C. niger on picture)

there are also several parasites of extinct birds that went extinct with them

some species (especially unnamed and obscure ones) may be missing, tell me in comments if you know species that is missing)

1."lakelandic" - family of pre finno ugric substrates and of pre balto slavic substrates, this two substrate groups are treated as one family there because there are many "ancient uralic borrowings" in balto slavic languages which could just come from similar substarates in both language groups
2."baltic" - language of europes last hunter gatherers
3."pre irish substrate family" - family with only one known language (pre irish substrate)
4.vasconic - according to vasconic substrate hypothesis, iberian treated as vasconic which it most probably is, nuragic also treated as vasconic even tho it's not that certain
5.tartessian - isolate or it may also belong to vasconic family
6.ligurian
7."belearic"/taylotian - language of tayalotian culture, we don't know absolutely anything bout this language so we cannot be sure what family it belongs to
8."picene" - family of north picene language which is very poorly known (only one inscription) and may belong to other family
9."sicilian" - we don't know anything about both indeginous sicilian languages, they may belong to other family
10."pelasgian" - family of pre greek substrate
11.minoan - may belong to other family but is most likely isolate
12.eteocypriot - isolate or it may belong to other family
13.hattic
14.hurro urartian
15.afroasiatic
16.kaskian - isolate, small famliy or belong to other family
17.kartavelian
18."yamnayan" - family that PIE comes from, it's very unlikely that PIE was spoken in all of this area, when it was just one language it also belonged to some family but we don't know anything about other languages from it
19."family of proto uralic" - similar situation as with yamnayan and PIE here is with this family and proto uralic
20.tyrsenian - my theory is that it comes from pannonian basin and the alps, lemnian and etruscan in this time were one language and later migrated to two diffrient places to escape from PIE invaders, raetic didn't had to because of it's isolation in the alps and all the other languages from this family went extinct, this theory explains why etruscan is more closely related to lemnian than to raetic which anatolian hypothesis don't explain

it's speculative, there are many my own theories and i'm open to feedback

1.bermuda hawk † (Bermuteo avivorus)
2.bermuda saw whet owl † (Aegolius gradyi)
3.bermuda night heron † (Nyctanassa carcinocatactes)
4.bermuda flicker † (Colaptes oceanicus)
5.bermuda towhee † (Pipilo naufragus)
6.boyd's shearwater (Puffinus boydi)
7.sargasso shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri)
8.bermuda land snails † (Poecilozonites spp. (P. bermudensis and circumfirmatus are the only surviving today))
9.Vertigo bermudensis †, V. numellata † and V. marki † (V. moulinsiana on picture)
10.bermuda cicada † (Neotibicen bermudianus)
11.bermuda flightless grasshopper † (Paroxya bermudensis) (P. clavuligera on picture)
12.bermuda ochre banded lopper moth † (Semiothisa ochrifascia) (S. troni on picture)
13.Lucilia problematica † (L. sericata)
14.Microcerella bermuda † (M. grinteri on picture)

there was also previous endemic fauna in middle pleistocene but it all went extinct when naturally and the only one that may have survived to the holocene (bermuda flightless duck)

some species (especially unnamed and obscure ones) may be missing, tell me in comments if you know species that is missing)