u/rzabomut

1.great jerboa (allactaga major)-now restricted to eastern europe and central asia, once lived all across central europe
sources: https://twilightbeasts.org/2014/07/09/crazy-cute-ice-age-animal-youve-never-heard-of/, https://opac.geologie.ac.at/ais312/dokumente/BR0132_047.pdf

there are also many other non-cricetid muroids in europe but as said their ranges had no or almost none confirmed changes during last ~150k years so they are not worth mentioning here
list of them all (and all modern european mammals)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Europe

1.wapiti (cervus canadensis)
2.moose (alces alces)
3.siberian musk deer (moschus moschiferus)
4.argali (ovis ammon)
5.bison (bos (bison) bison) as a proxy of steppe bison (bos (bison) priscus)
6.aurochs (bos primigenius)
7.water buffalo (bubalus sp.), water buffalos were probably present there but we have no proof and don't know what species it was if they did lived there, we shouldn't (re?)introduce it there until we discover evidences of it living there
8.bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) as a proxy of knobloch's camel (camelus knoblochi) and wild bactrian camel (camelus ferus)
9.hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), we don't have evidences of it living there but it may have lived there, we shouldn't (re?)introduce it there until we discover evidences of it living there
10.wild horse (equus (ferus/caballus) przewalskii)
11.leopard (panthera pardus), it most likely lived there but there are no evidences or at least i have not found it
12.lion (panthera leo)
13.brown bear
14.dhole (cuon alpinus)
15.spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta)
16.eurasian otter (lutra lutra)
17.stoat (mustela erminea)
18.indian porcupine (hystrix indica)
19.eurasian beaver (castor fiber)
20.european pond turtle (emys orbicularis), there are no evidences of it living there as far as i know but it lives very close, just around 1000km west and balkhash lake reserve wetlands would be great enviroment for them so they were very likely present there but still we shouldn't (re?)introduce it there until we discover evidences of it living there

1.australian swamphen (porphyrio melanotus) as proxy of white swamphen (porphyrio albus)
2.metallic pigeon (columba vitiensis) reintroduction
3.norfolk island parakeet (cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) reintroduction
4.tasman see island trush (turdus poliocephalus) reintroduction
5.norfolk island gerygone (gerygone modesta) as a proxy of lord howe gerygone (gerygone insularis)
6.new zealand fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) reintroduction
7.boobook (ninox novaeseelandiae) reintroduction
8.tasman booby (sula tasmani) reintroduction
9.white faced storm petrel (pelagodroma marina) reintroduction
10.pycroft's petrel (pterodroma pycrofti) reintroduction
11.solanum viride as a proxy of solnum bauerianum
12.sicyos australis reintroduction

1.narrow headed vole (lasiopodomys gregalis and lasiopodomys anglicus)-lived across great part of europe, in carpathian region even to middle holocene https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53937-1
2.pliomys lenki † -it is completly extinct, it's lineage was dominant vole lineage during neogene and early pleistocene and was later replaced by microtus lineage, balkan snow vole is the absolute last of this almost extinct lineage and is probably best proxy https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pliomys-lenki-of-the-Pleistocene-Cave-of-El-Miro-n-Ramales-de-la-Victoria-Cantabria_fig1_238576400
3.tien shan vole (microtus ilaeus)-lived in eastern europe https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34824815/, presence in central europe speculative
4.hungarian mole rat (nannospalax hungaricus)-now restricted to eastern pannonian basin, once lived much western, as far as germany https://www.scribd.com/doc/76401634/Pleistocene-Mammals-in-Europe?utm_source=chatgpt.com (page 204), presence north of southern germany and pannonian basin (poland, germany, netherlands, denmark) specultive
5.forest dormouse (dryomys nitedula)-found in late pleistocene of italy, in rest of range speculative but highly probable
6.garden dormouse (eliomys quercinus)-most of range is based on modern patchy range and on this source https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10344-026-02063-1?utm_source=chatgpt.com, presence in scandinavia and britain speculative

there are also many other voles, dormice and spalacids in europe but their ranges had no or almost none confirmed changes during last ~150k years so they are not worth mentioning here
list of them all (and all modern european mammals)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Europe

1.wild boar (sus scorfa)
2.feral dog (canis (lupus) familaris)
3.red fox (vulpes vulpes)
4.feral cat (felis (lybica) catus)
5.house mouse (mus musculus)
6.black rat (rattus rattus)
7.spiny mouse (acomys (cahirinus) nesiotes)? (may be native)
8.european hare (lepus europeaus)
9.european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)
10.long eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus)
11.mouflon (ovis musimon)
12.feral cattle (bos (primigenius) taurus)
13.black whipsnake (dolichophis jugularis)
14.mediterrean chameleon (chamaeleon chamaeleon)
15.Schneider’s Skink (eumeces schneiderii)
16.green toad (bufotes viridis)
17.black francolin (francolinus francolinus)
18.balkan terrapin (muremys rivulata)
19.every freshwater fish present here today

1.asian elephant (Elephas maximus)? - known from mesopotamia but not in arabia, it may've reached it but it's highly speculative
2.lion (Panthera leo) - lived here in historical times, going to be reintroduced soon
3.leopard (Panthera pardus) - lived here in historical times, relatively easy to be reintroduced
4.cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) - lived here in historicl times, if we reintroduce more prey species and don't use asiatic cheetah but other subspecies then reintroduction is relatively easy
5.african wildcat (Felis lybica) - very easy to reintroduce, lived here in historical times
6.sand cat (Felis margarita) - easy to reintroduce and it may even already live here
7.dhole (Cuon alpinus)? - lived in middle east during late pleistocene but my not even lived in arabia
8.moon bear (Ursus thibetanus) - lived in middle east during late pleistocene but my not even lived in arabia
9.brown bear (Ursus arctos) - lived in middle in historical times but my not even lived in arabia
10.spotted hyena (Crucuta crocuta) - lived here in late pleistocene
11.african wild ass (Equus africanus) - lived in UAE in holocene, so very very probably also here
12.wild boar (Sus scorfa) - live in big parts of middle east in historical times, maybe also here, if so then reintroduction isn't hard
13.mesopotmian fallow deer (Dama mesopotmica) - lived in big parts of middle east in historical times, maybe also here, if so then reintroduction isn't hard
14.aurochs/taurus cattle (Bos primigenius) - lived in big parts of middle east in historical times, maybe also here, if so then reintroduction isn't hard
15.african buffalo (Syncerus caffer) - proxy of Syncerus antiquus, very speculative to use it as a proxy here
16 and 17.lesser and greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros and T. imberbis) - both known only from rock art in arabia without fossil record, if they actually lived here then reintroduction is very good idea
18.ostrich (Struthio camelus) - already reintroduced in many places in arabia
19.northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita) - lived all across southern europe, north africa and west asia during historical times, easy to reintroduce
20.raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides)!? - controversial to be reintroduced in middle east but actually lived here in eemian (not confirmed in arabia but in levant which is close to arabia), at first it probably should be reintroduced in controlled populations in levant to see if it spread and become invasive (if so then eradicate controlled popultion as soon as possible, that's why it needs to be controlled at first) as it did in europe after acidental introduction in 1900's

1.yellow steppe lemming (eolagurus luteus)-present in eastern europe as far as danube delta as said here https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.70056, presence in central europe speculative
2.steppe lemming (lagurus lagurus)-it lived as far as britain as said here https://www.academia.edu/41089618/Evolution_of_European_Ecosystems_during_Pleistocene_Holocene_transition_24_8_kyr_BP_
3.common hamster (cricetus cricetus)-many historical records of continous range in central and western europe, presence in britain speculative but probable, presence in southern and central italy also speculative but probable, presence in sweden very speculative but not impossible
4.djungarian hamster (phodopus sungorus)-all central european fossils previously classified as golden hamster recently turned out to be djungarian hamsters (this study: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12859059/ )
5.grey dwarf hamster (nothocricetulus migratorius)-same study also shows that it had bigger distribution in balkans https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12859059/

there are also several more cricetids (hamsters) in europe but their ranges had no or almost none confirmed changes over last ~150k years so they are not worth mentioning here
list of them all (and all modern european mammals)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Europe

1.feral cat (felis (lybica) catus)
2.black rat (rattus rattus)
3.house mouse (mus musculus)
4.egyptian mongoose (herpestes ichneumon)
5.north african hedgehog (atelerix algirus)
6.common genet (genetta genetta)
7.helmeted guinea fowl (numida meleagris)
8.feral dog (canis (lupus) familaris)
9.feral cow (bos (primigenius) taurus
10.feral horse (equus caballus)
11.common chameleon (chamaeleon chamaeleon)
12.african chameleon (chamaeleon africanus)

some of those species can be considered reintroductions (especially horses) but they all have better proxies (for example feral horse-przewalski's horse, feral cow-backbred cattle (epecially taurus cattle))

1.siberian flying squirrel (pteromys volans)-the westernmost confirmed point of it's range is in eastern poland https://rcin.org.pl/miiz/Content/37512/PDF/WA058_31703_P257-T20_Acta-Ornith-Nr-3.pdf (mentioned on page 8 as locally extinct) and it's a species that colonised this region as well as almost whole siberia from east asia in holocene however it probably did the same thing in other interglacial and without human presence would expand further west as shown on the map
2.european souslik (spermophilus citellus)-it lived in central europe as said here https://www.theextinctions.com/articles-1/victim-to-the-woods, presence in italy france and britain speculative
3.speckled souslik (Spermophilus suslicus)-lived in central europe as said here https://www.theextinctions.com/articles-1/victim-to-the-woods, presence in other places speculative
4.pannonian souslik † (spermophilus citelloides)-lived in carpathian basin and now is completly extinct the best proxy is Spermophilus suslicus (it's closest relative) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermophilus_citelloides
5.yellow souslik (spermophilus fulvus and it's late pleistocene ancestor Spermophilus superciliosus)-lived in central and eastern europe https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040618215010903 rest of range speculative

there are also spermophilus pygmaeus which range don't seem to have changed in last ~150k years and Spermophilus severkensis which † which was closely related to spermophilus pygmaeus and endemic to small area in central northern ukraine and maybe small parts of central southern belarus

6.alpine marmot (marmota marmota)-had bigger range in many european mountain ranges as can be seen on it's former range map in "pleistocene mammals of europe" book by bjorn kurten https://www.scribd.com/doc/76401634/Pleistocene-Mammals-in-Europe (on the same map you can see also former range of steppe marmot but it's outdated and actual former range is bigger)
7.steppe marmot (marmota bobak)-it lived in central europe as said here https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303671028_Holocene_mammal_extinctions_in_the_Carpathian_Basin_a_review and here https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303671028_Holocene_mammal_extinctions_in_the_Carpathian_Basin_a_review presence in balkans, britain, france and scandinavia speculative
8.eurasian beaver (castor fiber)-many historical sources of them living all across europe, easy to find, i've used this map as a reference https://www.reddit.com/r/megafaunarewilding/comments/kgeld9/eurasian_beaver_past_distribution/ in almost all of it's modern range they were reintroduced or nturally came back after hunting stopped
9.trogontherium cuvieri † -extinct in europe in middle pleistocene https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trogontherium however it probably survived later or was one of few species killed by non-sapiens humans but it's only a speculation even if very probable, presence in scandinavia, italy, turke, ireland and iberian peninsula is speculative even in earlier peroids because no fossils were ever found in those regions

there are also several more sciuridae species in europe but their ranges had no or almost none confirmed changes during last ~150k years so they are not worth mentioning here
list of them all (and all modern european mammals)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Europe

1.russian desman (desmana moschata)-presence in central europe based on this https://www.isez.pan.krakow.pl/system/files/1860/05.pdf, presence in wetsern europe based on this https://pure.rug.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/84293270/Lateglacial_desman_discovered_in_Sed_yu_1_Komi_Republic_Russia_a_site.pdf which is middle pleistocene germany and england however it probably survived here much longer, presence in scandinavia and italy speculative, there is also pyrenean desman (galemys pyrenaicus) and it almost certainly lived all across iberian peninsula not just in small modern range (that's why there were no russian desmans on iberian peninsula)
2.steppe pika (ochotona pusilla)-lived even in iberian peninsula https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140513
3.european rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)-was more widespread across europe as said here https://riunet.upv.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/6f35c713-d4da-424d-af56-91ec4c9af844/content
black line is it's range in early holocene in rest of it's modern native range it was reintroduced for hunting purposes
4.corsican hare (Lepus corsicanus)-it's modern, fragmented range suggest living all across italy and this is fossil evidence https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-the-fossiliferous-site-of-La-Grave-modified-from-Pandolfi-et-al-2013_fig1_342866403

there are also many more insectovorians and lagomorphs in europe but their ranges had no or almost none confirmed changes over last ~150k years so they are not worth mentioning here
list of them all (and all modern european mammals)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Europe