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This massive urban vision proposed replacing crowded city blocks with towering conical megastructures. Richard Buckminster Fuller and Shoji Sadao designed the Slum-clearance scheme for Harlem in 1965. Planned for New York, New York, USA, this theoretical concept aimed to house thousands of residents in elevated networks, leaving the ground level open for highways and parks.

The style is said to have originated among students at Oxford University around 1924, after the school banned knickerbockers (short, baggy trousers often worn for sport). In response, students adopted these oversized trousers, which could be slipped on over knickerbockers, creating both a rebellious statement and a distinctive look. The fashion quickly spread beyond Oxford, becoming a symbol of youthful modernity and jazz-age style, and was often paired with blazers, sweaters, or sport coats.