Why doesn't correlation mean that one thing causes another?

I've been learning more about econometrics recently, and one concept I'm still trying to fully understand is the difference between correlation and causation.

I understand the basic idea: if two variables are correlated, it means they tend to move together, but that doesn't necessarily mean that a change in one variable causes a change in the other.

The classic example is ice cream sales and drowning deaths. Both increase during summer, but buying ice cream obviously doesn't cause people to drown. A third variable, temperature or season, affects both.

What I'm more interested in is how this works in real economic research, where there are usually many variables changing at the same time.

For example, suppose we find that countries with higher education spending also have higher GDP. How would an economist determine whether higher education spending actually causes higher GDP?

Could someone explain this =, but also go a little beyond the basic "correlation ≠ causation" explanation?

Specifically, how do methods such as control variables, experiments, natural experiments, instrumental variables, or difference-in-differences help economists get closer to identifying a causal relationship?

I'm especially interested in understanding what makes us confident that X caused Y rather than simply being correlated with Y.

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u/Sbaakhir — 19 hours ago

My highest tippers barely want anything sexual

Let me preface this by saying that I am NOT complaining, this is a mere observation. Some of my best paying privates have requests that have little to no sexual stuff in them. 2 days ago one of my RM11 regulars booked a private room, paid $220 for 30mns, and he literally just wanted to chat about life and future plans. I double-checked with him that he doesn't want a show or anything and he said no, just companionship. He said he got a promotion and had no one to share it with, which I thought was so sad :(, so we kept going back and forth talking about how difficult life is at times and how sporadic accomplishments like these can keep someone going for longer.

I used to end sessions like that feeling a bit guilty, like I owed people more skin for what they paid, but it has happened enough now that I've gotten over it. They're all grown and they know what they want, it's not up to me to decide. It's also a breath of fresh air from the crude requests I get at times.

I keep my personal details vague for the obvious reasons, but within those limits I'm real with them, and that honesty seems to keep them coming back.

Companionship and emotional presence sell just as much as sexual stuff, which, again, is sad to see 😞, despite it being profitable for us. Are you girls noticing this as well?

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u/Sbaakhir — 2 days ago

IWTL Trying to learn how to whistle really loud with two fingers , any tips?

Hey everyone! I’ve been trying to learn how to do that really loud whistle using two fingers, but I just can’t seem to get it right 😂

I’ve watched a bunch of tutorials and tried different finger positions, tongue positions, and amounts of air, but so far I either get nothing or just a weak, weird sound. I know it probably takes some practice, but I feel like I’m missing one important detail.

For those of you who can do it, how did you actually learn? Was there a specific technique that finally made it click for you? I’d especially appreciate tips about where exactly to place your fingers, how to position your tongue, and how hard you should blow.

Also, roughly how long did it take you to get your first proper whistle? I’m curious if it’s something you can learn in a few days with practice or if it usually takes weeks.

Any tips or personal experiences would be really appreciated! I’m determined to figure this out 😅

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u/Sbaakhir — 3 days ago
▲ 1 r/Sfax

Becha coiff

Do you recommend it? And what is its price for a haircut.

Thank youu in advance

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u/Sbaakhir — 4 days ago

I went from making $12k/year to $48k/year within a single year. Here is my exact breakdown & what worked for me.

It took me a year to start making a stable $1k/month, which was my entire first year on OnlyFans (wasn’t taking it seriously enough). I took a hiatus from OF, got a vanilla job, and decided to treat this like an actual business. Here is the breakdown of my gross vs. net income and the strategies I used to reach an $48,000 annual total. I majored in business administration 😅 so I was methodical/pragmatic about many of these strategies, and it paid off.

US taxation for $24k/Year:
As a US independent contractor (1099), you owe 15.3% self-employment tax on 92.35% of your net earnings. That's about $3,730. Half of it (~$1,865), is deductible against your income tax.
The standard deduction shields your first $15,750 (single, 2025). After that and the SE tax deduction, your taxable income sits around $8,800, which stays entirely inside the 10% federal bracket. Claim the QBI deduction so it drops closer to $3,900. Federal income tax lands somewhere between $390 and $880 depending on whether you take it.
Combined federal burden is about $4,200, or 16% of gross. A 25% set-aside covers federal and state taxes, which is what I do.
I'm crazy enough to take on the internet, but never the IRS.

Income breakdown & strategy:

Month Gross Net (after 25% set-aside) Strategy
Month 1 $1,040 $780 Posting on Reddit subs like r/SizeCamC, r/Gooned, r/OrgasmGirls, r/OFgirlmodels, r/onlyfanshottest, and many more. Relied entirely on one Reddit, which wasn’t nothing but it limited overall reach and conversion. This redditor created a really good subreddit list, split by niche/target, heavily recommend it!!
Month 4 $1,585 $1,189 Shifted to a DM funnel on Instagram and Twitter + raised subscription price from $5 to $10 (I kept a $5 for first month users that jumps to $10 on month 2).
Month 8 $2,180 $1,635 Started posting and marketing on RM11 alongside the main OF page for 2 main reasons: -better split: RM11 has a 90/10 split as opposed to OF’s 80/20 -Income diversification and fool-proofing: relying on one platform only is risky, if you get banned or the platform crashes, gets hacked, bought out and restructured, etc, you will be severely damaged. Spreading your reach across many minimizes this monopoly-esque effect. The 90/10 revenue split contributed more than I had thought it would.
Month 12 $4,140 $3,105 Hired a chatter to manage DMs and upsell pay-per-view content. Hired another for private dming time. They work on commission and convert casual messages into custom requests. Joined Fansly too, making it my 3rd platform.

Month 12 became the norm from thereon out. 

How I reached that number:

1. Platform Diversification
As aforementioned, platform monopoly is a financial risk. Using alternatives alongside your primary site secures your audience and income stream. The extra 10% take-home from the 90/10 split wasn’t little either.

2. Delegate
Scaling volume requires delegating. I hired a chatter and paid them a percentage of sales (once I grow a bit more I’ll introduce a baseline salary too), and they maximize revenue from your existing audience so you can focus strictly on content creation.
I also hired one to have the “spicy talk” with clients through private messages. They’d entertain their fantasies (within limits ofc) and whenever a client orders a custom photo set or video (which I charge extra for), they log the request in an Excel sheet. At the end of each day, I prep my room, shoot all the customs at once, and queue them to send out. (For live sexting, I leave my chatters a vault of casual, pre-shot selfies to send in the moment so the live illusion never breaks).

3. Inbound marketing
"Link in bio" is too passive. Use IG and Twitter (and TikTok to certain limits) for inbound marketing like posting teasers, lifestyle content, promo clips, special offers, and another thing I like to do is hop on trends and spin them to fit certain “scenarios” iykyk.

4. Sell a connection, not just content
Men stay for your personality and the illusion of intimacy. Stop treating your feed like a catalog of explicit photos. Start using voice notes in DMs, use their names, and reference small details they tell you. When they feel like they are interacting with a real person rather than an automated business, your retention rates will skyrocket.
Once I hired someone to take dms off me I made sure to train them meticulously on this.

5. Treat your feed like a premium lifestyle blog
Give your subscribers the "behind the scenes" of your life. Post pictures in your casual clothes, show them your morning coffee, or share a quick video of you doing a hobby. The adult perks get them in the door, but seeing you as a multi-dimensional human being is what keeps them subscribed month after month.

6. Bundles, bundles, bundles, and more bundles
Here are a few ideas:
→ pay for 2 months, get the third for free.
→ group 4 or 5 older PPV videos into a discounted "starter vault" so new subs buy your past work instantly.
→ combine custom clips with dedicated attention, like $50 for a short video plus 10 minutes of live chat time.
→ do gift bundles that feel customizable, like if someone pays $50 for a short video you can offer them “a free complimentary gift” and have them choose between 3 preset options (custom picture, 1mn voicemail, a 15mn live conversation, etc)
→ offer 3-month or 6-month subscription tiers at 15-20% off to lock in upfront cash flow and reduce monthly churn.

TL;DR:

  • Set aside a flat 25% for taxes and treat your page like an actual business.
  • Diversify your platforms (OF, Fansly, RM11, etc) to protect your income from bans and take advantage of better revenue splits.
  • Delegate your DMs and live sexting to commission-based chatters so you can focus strictly on content creation.
  • Shift from passive links to inbound marketing and sell the illusion of intimacy through premium lifestyle content.
  • Offer bundles, freemiums, seasonal deals, package deals, multi-month discounts, etc, to increase your average order value and secure upfront cash flow.

From a business girlie to you all 🫡. Good luck ♥️♥️♥️

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u/Sbaakhir — 8 days ago

Do you like it when celebrities become available as AI boyfriends? Would you date one?

This is mindblowing to me I didnt even think of a crossover like that, but I found Joe Exotic (you know the true cr!me/animals guy) available as an AI boyfriend alongside other known people on OhChat. Nothing A-list or crazy but yk...not nobodies either.

And I thought it's a one time thing but a few days ago they added an OF creator called Kai Luessenhop, so it looks like this is something more and more people, including influencers/famous-ish ones, are open to do (that or OhChat's outreach time is working overtime haha).

I talked to the models a bit and honestly it feels a bit odd at first because I feel like I know the person's backstory and lifeline more than I typically do with AI boyfriends, but after a few minutes it becomes amusing because you get to ask questions you've always wanted to ask (and yes I know the answers aren't real but they're entertaining, and that's all I take them to be). 

Though, Im still on standby as to whether this could be sustainable long term or it's just for shits and giggles. Like imagine a Bad Bunny AI bf, I think it’ll be used by so many people it’ll crash the servers on the first day.

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u/Sbaakhir — 14 days ago
▲ 1 r/Genova

Is Via Manfredo Fanti 9 a good area for a student for rent?

Hi everyone!

I’m an international Master’s student at the University of Genoa, studying in the Economics Department. I’m currently looking for accommodation and I found a room in an apartment at Via Manfredo Fanti 9.

The apartment would be shared with two other students, and the rent is €420/month, all-inclusive.

I’m not very familiar with this part of Genoa, so I’d really appreciate some advice from people who know the area:

  • Is Via Manfredo Fanti 9 a good/safe place to live as a student?
  • How is the area in terms of transportation and getting to the University?
  • Is €420 all-inclusive reasonable for this location?
  • Are there any things I should be aware of before accepting the room?

Any advice or personal experience would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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u/Sbaakhir — 15 days ago

Bro...Kristina Shannon just became available as an AI girlfriend

I was browsing models on OhChat and idk if Im behind or if this is a common thing but I only just noticed this feature where they sign off real models to be made into AI and the newest is Kristina Shannon which was like my BIGGEST turn on like 2 years ago, this was so unexplected.

Im also happy to see this whole niche getting destigmatized and real popular models are signing deals like this. It's looking up for us 🙌 hope more people get on board

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u/Sbaakhir — 21 days ago

best EU-based enterprise password manager, any recommendations?

I know "best" is subjective, so here's what we're constrained by:

- The vendor has to be EU-owned, not just EU-hosted. No US parent anywhere in the structure, so CLOUD Act exposure is off the table.

- 60 seats, needs AD sync and per-user audit logs.

- We want the option to self-host later even if we start on cloud, so cloud-only vendors are out.

- Open source isn't a requirement. Neither IT nor Legal care.

- Not looking for the cheapest but under 5 euros/seat/month would be ideal.

Shortlist so far is Psono (Germany), Passbolt (Luxembourg), and Passwork (Spain).

Psono fits well. The consistent thing I see in reviews though is that the interface / UI lags the others, and at 60 people where most aren't technical, daily usability is worth assessing. Beyond that I don't have a real objection.

Passbolt is open source and EU-owned since 2016, it also, like the others, has the features (which is why they all got shortlisted to begin with). My hesitation is the OpenPGP model, every user holds a GPG key pair, so key management becomes our problem at 60 people just to get auditable code. Onboarding and recovery both look heavier than I want.

Passwork ticks a lot of our boxes too, it does both self-hosted and EU cloud in EU data centres, so we don't have to make the deployment choice now. AD sync and per-user audit logs are in the product. What keeps me hesitant is that it lacks a native desktop app (yet), it has browser extension and mobile but not desktop, and I can't predict how big or small of a nuisance that might be.

Please help a brother OUT!

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u/Sbaakhir — 27 days ago

Let's make a group to learn Italian together

I am creating a whatsapp group to learn and help each other exchange resources, material and practices to learn italian . let's practice together .

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u/Sbaakhir — 28 days ago

Water trapped in my ear , it's been 3 days I've tried every method and still there. Any advice?

Yup as title says

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u/Sbaakhir — 30 days ago

US company opening an EU office, GDPR data-residency requirements are throttling me

Our HQ is US-based and we're standing up our first EU subsidiary. Needless to say that EU regulations are a bitch and a half, and the thing that is stunting us the most currently is that legal came back from their GDPR review wanting a full data-residency map, every system that touches EU personal data, where it lives, where it gets processed, where the backups land, and which sub-processors touch it along the way. That's my job now and I am so overwhlmed and lost .

The part melting my brain is how little the paperwork matches reality once you follow the data. A tool sells itself as EU-hosted then quietly replicates to a US region for redundancy. Our HubSpot portal predates 2021 so it's sitting in US-East, and the migration to Frankfurt means downtime plus reconfiguring half our integrations, and even then some subprocessors still touch US, Google Analytics (GA4) will not give a straight answer on where processing happens, and our Terraform pipeline was shipping all backups to a US-East AWS bucket. Our Passwork vaults were basically the only ones that passed the audit because our credential databases are stored in EU servers (we prepared an on-prem server there), can't say the rest about everything else.

For anyone who's done a US-to-EU expansion, (1) what's the right way to build the map itself? Legal wants something they can hand an auditor, and im not sure if that's a per-system spreadsheet, a formal data-flow diagram, an automated topology map, or a raw compliance export, and (2) what's the system that I should watch out for? Something a reasonable person would assume was compliant/not within the switching scope and turned out otherwise.

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u/Sbaakhir — 1 month ago
▲ 1 r/Genova

Looking for accomodation, which areas are best for a student will be studying in balbi 5?

Hey there i am international student who will come to university of genoa specifically the economic department.

I'm in process of finding a rent but I'm not sure which places are near to the university along with a good student life . Any areas suggestions would be much appreciated

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u/Sbaakhir — 1 month ago
▲ 2 r/Sfax

Who is hairdresser here and needs someone who can help him out ?

I need to learn the skill within short period of time, if that's possible at least the basics.

I am ready to work with him and help with whatever he needs while learning from him. Even if it is an unpaid position or offers only a minimum wage, I am okay with that. I believe it would be a win-win situation for both of us.

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u/Sbaakhir — 1 month ago

Migrating a small company off LastPass to Passwork after the latest breach, few things im unsure about

The Lastpass Klue breach news last month were the final straw for us, and tbh it's long overdue. Our vaults weren't touched but it's the 8th incident since 2011 so...time to go. We're migrating to Passwork, it has the features we need for audits and EU residency regulations (we’re EU-based, inferrably).

Im handling the migration (and yes Ive been stuck on it for nearly 2 weeks) and have a couple of things I want your guys' opinions on:

-How long, if at all, should I run both vaults in parallel for a while or should I just rip the bandaid off?

-Do you have any importation advice overall? Im afraid that I'll omit stuff, carry over duplicate URLs, that type of thing.

Im kinda new to both the company and the job post itself so this is my first time migrating. I appreciate any advice, especially ones you wouldnt typically find in migration forums (because I read ALL of those already haha).

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u/Sbaakhir — 2 months ago

read the ETH zero-knowledge paper today and now im questioning everything. how do you tell real zero-knowledge from vain marketing?

Ive been maintaining Passwork on-prem for my company for a while now, though I wasnt the one to implement it, it was the guy that the employee before me picked it for the company. I have no problem with it and I like some features like exportable audit logs. Though recently just out of curiosity I've started doing some research on what password managers should and shouldn't do/have so I went down a rabbit hole and a term that intrigued me is, well you guessed it, zero-knowledge, and I came across the ETH Zurich paper (the USENIX 2026 one, here: https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2026/02/password-managers-less-secure-than-promised.html) and it kinda broke my brain. I've been reading about zero-knowledge architecture for the last few hours trying to figure out what the term even means in practice, because the more I read the more I think the label has been stretched beyond recognition. What keeps tripping me up:

-Vendors that encrypt vault contents but store URLs and site names in plaintext "for autofill performance." Zero-knowledge, except the vendor knows every site every user logs into and when.

-Tools advertised as zero-knowledge that also offer email-based "account recovery." By definition there has to be a backdoor for that to work, but the marketing copy doesnt mention it.

-The ETH finding itself: cloud vaults where the client retrieves the server's public key during enrollment without out-of-band verification. A malicious server hands the client an attacker-controlled key and the client cant tell.

So now im trying to figure out how you actually identify zero-knowledge when you see it. My questions are:

-Is there a clean technical definition of zero-knowledge that holds up across implementations, or is the term inherently (and maybe even purposefully) undefined/fuzzy?

-What feature or design choice immediately disqualifies a vendor from honestly claiming zero-knowledge in your view? (recovery flows, plaintext metadata, server-side key derivation, something else?)

-When evaluating a new password manager, what's the fastest test you apply to call BS on a "zero-knowledge" marketing claim before you go deeper into the docs?

-Most importantly, is "zero-knowledge" even the right thing to be optimising for, or is it a marketing label that distracts from threat models that matter more in practice?

Thanks

u/Sbaakhir — 2 months ago
▲ 244 r/Parenting

How can I be present for my kids after a 10-hour work day? My brain is completely fried.

I (35F) work around 50-60 hours a week in banking. On a good day, I'm working from 8 AM to 6 PM, but it often bleeds into the night. We have two young kids who need to be in bed by no later than 8 PM.

My partner does a lot of the heavy lifting with childcare in the late afternoon (picks them up, gets them fed, bathes them, pyjamas, bedtime stories, yada yada) because, most of the time, by the time Im home, I'm walking straight into the middle of the bedtime routine. Although I am physically there, my brain is completely fried, I have zero patience and no mental energy to actually engage or play or listen.

Work offers some good benefits like nilo counselling and performance-based bonuses, which can include extra PTO (but tbh bonuses are a double edged sword because sometimes it pushes you to subliminally want to perform more, which is even MORE stressful), less hours aren't on the table tho. I can't just quit or take a pay cut right now, I also already wake up at 6 AM, but it pains me to think that my kinds will grow up with an absent mother, where in retrospect, Im doing all of this for them. How can I quickly decompress after work and be more present? And during work itself, do you have any tips for may be boundary-setting or managing stress? Any advice is appreciated.

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u/Sbaakhir — 2 months ago
▲ 2 r/work

Does anyone else feel insecure in their position as AI is slowly swallowing roles?

Im a copywriter, a field that's getting chipped down a lot with AI, Im lucky enough to be working on very specific aspect of copywriting so Im still immune, but the pressure to outperform AI is getting stronger by the day. Every day I see tools getting faster/better and my managers are bound to notice one someday and try it out. If it works, Im done for.

​

Im taking on massive workloads just to prove my human value and show I can do things an LLM cant, but it's destroying me. By the time I log off my brain is completely fried, it's like a 5 to 9 lobotomy, for lack of better words. I wallow on the couch and doomscroll all night soon as I get home, mindlessly distracting myself from a seemingly inevitalbe future. I miss having a personality and actually doing things I enjoy, I no longer have the mental capacity to do anything except for existing.

​

I dont know if I need a better skillset/full career revamp or therapy, but either way I think the latter is the immediate one because anxiety is eating me alive. My company offers 1on1 support from nilo though Im apprehensive about taking it because 1 it just feels like I'll flag myself to HR and 2 I don't know how confidential everything is, imagine I rant about certain aspects of work and I get ratted out. And no, private therapy isnt an option, Im trying to salvage every penny I get for an uncertain future.

​

What should I do? Im sure other have experienced this too and I hope I came to the right place.

​

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u/Sbaakhir — 2 months ago