u/thomasp3864

So, there are words for numbers up to 6 which are latinate, generally un/une is used for one, but past that it can go deuce, trey, cater, quinque, sice, possibly subbing "couple" in for deuce when talking in Anglishes. However, I have found an option for 7, two actually.

If you look at Welsh, the word saith, 7, is possibly latinate, with Proto-Celtic *sextam expected to produce an h- at the start, while "septem" would give the exact same result as we actually see. A celtic-origin system of counting exists in English in the form of sheep counting, the forms of the numbers of which are "sezar" from Swaledale, and Kirkby Lonsdale "saites" (most use something starting with an l). These two, especially saites, show reflex of septem in english.

Additionally, some dozenal systems call ten "dek", from dec- from Greek and Latin, so that's a ten. For a thousand there's the slang term "grand". Eleven is apparently sometimes called a "banker's dozen" and so maybe "banker dozen" could be eleven? "Bank" comes from Italian, -er was loaned into proto-germanic from Latin, and dozen is latinate too. There are also dozen for 12 (and multiples of a dozen also exist), a ream of paper is 500, and a quire is 25 pages. But quires and reams also have short and printer's variants. So if anybody wants to work on number systems this should be useful.

Loegrian is a British Romance conlang inspired by Welsh and French, and one of the things inspiring about that is the numeral base. Unlike Latin, French and Welsh use a base 20 system up to 100, with French keeping the latinate decimal up to 60, and Welsh using base 20. French got its base 20 system from Gaulish, so if Gaulish substrate can influence French to that degree, Loegrian, which bears significantly more Celtic influënce than French is gonna start earlier. Specifically, Loegrian keeps its Latin numbers for 1-20, and give literal translations when interesting

Italics in loegrian means pronounced (almost) identically to french, and bold means pronounced (almost) identically to Welsh

Loegrian Numerals	Latin	French	Loegrian	Welsh
I	unus	un, une	un /yn/ (m/n), oun /un/ (f)	un
II	duo/duo/duae	deux	dau /daw/ (m/n), dua /dwa/ (f)	dau, dwy
III	tres, tria	trois	troi /truj/ (m/f), tri /tri/ (n)	tri, tair
IV	quattuor	quatre	quathor /kwaθor/	pedwar, pedair
V	quinque, cinque	cinq	cignh /tʃiŋ̊/	pump
VI	sex	six	ssoi /suj/	chwech
VII	septem	sept	sseuth /søθ/	saith
VIII	octo	huite	oith /ujθ/	wyth
VI	novem	neuf	naf /naf/, nau /naw/	naw
VV	decem	dix	diej /did͡ʒ/	deg
VVI	undecim (one ten)	onze (oneteen)	unnej /yned͡ʒ/ (one-ten)	un ar ddeg (one on ten)
VVII	duodecim (three-ten)	douze (twiteen)	douj /dud͡ʒ/ (twoteen)	deuddeg (two ten)
VVIII	tredecim, tresdecim (three-ten)	treize (thirteen)	troij /trujd͡ʒ/	tri ar ddeg, tair ar ddeg (three on ten)

Now you get the point I'm gonna just continue loegrian and welsh]

nmeral	Loegrian	Welsh
VVIV	quathorj /kwaθord͡ʒ/	pedwar ar ddeg
VVV	quinnej /kwinned͡ʒ/	pymtheg
VVVI	ssoij /sujd͡ʒ/	un ar bymtheg (one on fifteen/bumfit)
VVVII	sseuthènnej /søθɛnned͡ʒ/	dau ar bymtheg (two on fifteen/bumfit)
VVVIII	oithej /ujθed͡ʒ/ or dounau (two nines)	tri ar bymtheg (three on bumfit) or deunaw (two nines)
IG	nofènnej /novɛnned͡ʒ/	pedwar a bymtheg (three on bumfit)
G	guynh /gwɨn̥/	ugain

All of these Loegrian words are directly descended from Latin, except for oithej (eighteen). For oithej, you would expect Latin OCTÓDECIM to give you *oithoj /ujθod͡ʒ/, rather than oithej, but this is a case of analogy. Synchronically what it looks like is that the base number is applied a suffix of -ej or -j, with odd numbers other than troi having -èn added before. The difference between -ej and -j appears and is phonotactic, with -ej beïng what is added in cases where phonotactics prohibit the addition of -j to the coda of the final syllable. And in the case of oith, /ujθd͡ʒ/, would violate the rule regarding the obstruent portions of final codas having a single voicing. (Although maybe oithènnej is more realistic).

It's once we get past twenty that things get very Welsh. Starting off, what Welsh does is makes 21 un ar hugain, or one over twenty, followed by dau ar hugain. And Loegrian, having a substantial celtic substrate of early Welsh has calqued these expressions. And though guynhun /gwɨn̥yn/ (GI) is from vigent'unus, when you reach twenty-two (GII), you get dau souber vynh /daw zuber wɨn̥/, or in other words "two on twenty", which is the exact same thing that dau ar hugain in welsh literally translates to—two on twenty. And guess what, this goes on all the way to thirty beïng diej souber vynh /did͡ʒ zuber wɨn̥/, (Welsh is deg ar hugain). After this, Loegrian and Welsh diverge again with Loegrian's unnej souber vynh /ynned͡ʒ zuber wɨn̥/ (GVVI) beïng "eleven on twenty" (or "twenty eleven"), whereas Welsh has "un ar deg ar ugain" (one on ten on twenty). Meanwhile French has trente and trente-et-un (followed by trente-deux), and doesn't get to its base-twenty until 70!

Loegrian does a hybrid thing for 40, and goes with quarrhonh /kwar̥ːon̥/ (GG) from Latin quarranta, doïng the same thing as it did for twenty, with 55 for instance beïng "quinnej souber quharrhonh" /kwinːed͡ʒ zuber ʍar̥ːon̥/, (GGVVV) or "fifteen on fourty". And then for sixty, Loegrian uses troiguyn /trujgwɨn/ (GGG) which means three twenties, à là french quatre-vignts 'eighty'. This is because the celtic influënce is deeper in Loegrian than in French so it switches to outright vigesimal earlier. This follows the same pattern as the earlier numbers, 67 is "sseuth souber throiguyn" and so on.

80 is quathorvyn /kwaθorwɨn/, which means four-twenties, exactly like Welsh pedwar ugain and French quatrevignts, although again, Loegrian begins its direct calquing of the multiples of 20 at 60 with troiguyn 'three-twenties', showing the hightened levels of Celtic influënce. When we get to 100, we go back to base ten, so cynh /t͡ʃɨn̥/ not *cignvyn.

Another manifestation of the Celtic influënce is the way numbers are constructed. In Loegrian, this influënce is more pronounced than Gaulish's on French. In French the base is 20 from 60-100, but, say, 72 is "soixant-douze", or literally "sixty-twelve", which is reminiscent of the way Latin itself constructs larger numbers, with 41 beïng "quadrāgintā ūnus" which consists of the word for "fourty" followed by the word for "one", so this is a preservation French makes from Classical Latin. In Welsh and Breton's version of the vigesimal system, the exact phrasing uses the preposition for 'above' or 'on', which manifests as warn in Breton, and ar in Welsh, for example with 25 beïng, in welsh, "pump ar ugain" or "five on twenty". If we compare this to Loegrian "cignh souber vynh" /t͡ʃɨŋ̊ zuber wɨn̥/, in which each morpheme is literally "five on twenty" you should see the depth of this influënce.

This can be justified too. In real life, the classical Latin number system preserved in French was lost in Iberia, where adposition gives way to "y" in spanish, which means and. If we look at the "sixty-twelve" from earlier it is "setenta y dos" in Spanish—'seventy and two' literally. Romanian uses și—their word for "and" where Spanish does "y", so the Classical adposition gave way to the usage of a conjunction in Dacia and Hispania. In Maxima Caesariensis, the province whence Loegrian comes, why not have adposition supplanted with the preposition used among the locals, one which translates to "over", "above" or "on" which in latin is super, and evolves in Loegrian into "ssouber" /suber/, and undergoes the soft mutation after the many vowel final numbers to /zuber/?

Loegrian also has its own numeral system based on Roman Numerals, which represents an adaptation of them to a base 20 system. In Loegrian numerals there is a dedicated symbol for 20, G (which stands for guynh), and no X or L, because GG is 40 and VVV is perfectly easy to keep track of so X is unnecessary.

There is also gonna be a variation of the English sheep counting numbers, but I haven't made it yet, and Loegrian's numbers are already very close to proto brythonic. Still though you would at least have a bumfit (pynthèg) /ɨnθɛg/. This system is unfinished as of yet though.

Et acted quo pedes in ancient tempor
Pace supra Angleterran mountains vert
Et ested le sacred ovinlet de deity
Desure Angleterra’s pleasant pastures viewed?

Et enacted le countenance divine 
radiate desur noster nebulate mounts
Et stayed Jerusalem constructed hic
Surroundate con quid tenebrous satanic mills

Port moi le arkil de flamant aurum
Port moi le arrows de desire
Port moi le poinent; o nebules deply
Port moi le chariot de flame
moi fix cease Mental battle nada
Et le Sword de moi fix dorm in le manue de moi nada
Pendent nus have constructé Jeusalem
In le vert et pleasant terrain de angliterra

[ɛt ɪ̈ˈnæktɪ̈d kwoʊ ˈpɛdiz ɪn ˈeɪnʃn̩t tɛmˈpor

peɪs suprə ænglətɛɹən maʊntəns vɚt

ɛt ˈɛstɪ̈d lə ˈseɪkɹɪ̈d oʊˈvaɪnlət də ˈdejɪti

dɛʒɚ ænglɪtɛɹəz ˈplɛzənt ˈpæstʃɚz vjud?

ɛt ɪ̈næktɪ̈d lə kaʊntənəns dɪvaɪn 

ɹeɪdieɪt dɛʒɚ nɑstɚ nəbjʊlət maʊnts

ɛt steɪd dʒəɹusələm kənstrəktɪ̈d hɪk

səɹaʊntət kɑn kwɪd tənɛbrəs sətænɪk mɪlz

pɔɹt mwɑ lə ɑɹkɫ̩ də fleɪmənt ɔɹəm

pɔɹt mwɑ lə æɹoʊz də dəzaɪɹ

pɔɹt mwɑ lə poɪnənt; oʊ nɛbjəɫz diːplaɪ

pɔɹt mwɑ lə tʃæɹiət də fleɪm

mwɑ fɪks siːs mɛntəl bætɫ̩ nɑdə

ɛt lə sɔɹd də mwa fɪks dɔɹm ɪn lə mænju də mwa nɑdə

pɛndənt nəs hæv kənstɹəkteɪ Jərusələm

ɪn lə vəɹt ɛt plɛzənt tərreɪn də ænglɪtɛrrə]

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