
The Virgin Birth: What Scripture Reveals, What Science Suggests, and Why Jesus Could Be Born Perfect
One thing I try to do is value clarity over correctness.
By that I mean I'd rather be clear about what I know, what I don't know, and what I'm merely proposing than sound absolutely certain about things Scripture doesn't actually say.
The virgin birth is one of those subjects.
Scripture tells us that it happened. It doesn't tell us how God accomplished it. For me, that leaves room for thoughtful discussion, provided we don't confuse Scripture with theology or scientific hypotheses.
The Bible is clear on a few facts.
Mary conceived by means of holy spirit.
Jesus was genuinely born of Mary.
Jesus was born a perfect human.
The biological mechanism isn't revealed.
A miracle!
> A miracle is a physical event brought about by God's power that departs from the ordinary course of nature. Humans may propose hypotheses about the mechanism, but they do not definitely know how it occurred because God's intervention is an essential part of the event.
So I sometimes wonder:
> How did Jesus' human body develop from Mary's cells, with holy spirit miraculously ensuring that the child remained perfect from conception?
As science advances, it keeps uncovering aspects of life that earlier generations never knew existed—stem cells, epigenetics, fetal microchimerism, genomic imprinting, and many others. None of these explains the virgin birth. But they do remind me that life is far more complex than we often assume.
Could any of these processes have been involved?
I don't know.
However I do try to speculate within scriptural bounds on how it may have occurred.
More recently, I came across research on fetal microchimerism. During pregnancy, fetal stem and progenitor cells can cross the placenta, remain in the mother's body for decades, and may even contribute to tissue repair and regeneration.
That made me think.
If imperfect children can leave behind cells that may benefit their mothers, what might we reasonably expect if the child being carried were the only perfect human ever conceived?
Could Mary's pregnancy have left her with exceptional biological benefits?
Again, I don't know.
Scripture doesn't answer that question, and current science can't answer it either. But I think it's a reasonable question to ask.
For me, though, the bigger question is not how Jesus could be born perfect, but why.
Jesus already existed as God's firstborn Son before becoming human. Unlike Adam after his rebellion, Jesus had never forfeited the right to perfect human life.
That, I think, is the real reason he could be born perfect. The mechanism is interesting, but the reason is what Scripture emphasizes.
This is also why I think theology should always remain subordinate to Scripture.
Theology tries to organize revealed truth. Science tries to understand mechanisms. Both have value. But if either starts telling Scripture what it is allowed to mean, we've reversed the proper order.
I'm happy to speculate, provided everyone—including me—remembers that speculation is all it is.
One day, perhaps God will explain exactly how he accomplished the virgin birth. If the hope of everlasting life is real, we'll have far more time than we do now to keep learning about his creation.
Until then, I'm content to distinguish between three things:
1. What God has revealed,
2. What we can reasonably infer, and
3. What we're simply wondering about.
I think keeping those categories separate leads to clearer thinking, better discussions, and a deeper appreciation for the Scripture and remaining in awe of the Creator.
Luke 1:34–35; Luke 2:6–7; 1 Corinthians 15:45; 1 Peter 2:22–24; Psalms 139:14; Ecclesiastes 3:11; John 17:3
Microchimerism: A New Concept (2019)
Feto-maternal Microchimerism: Memories from Pregnancy (2021)