u/Special_Condition671

Copenhagen? Many worlds? Or something else?

"Demands of the Communist Party in Germany"

"1. The whole of Germany shall be declared a single and indivisible republic." - I'm neutral on this. Maybe borders should be changeable democratically and some provincial rights are good, within reason.

"2. Every German, having reached the age of 21, shall have the right to vote and to be elected,

provided he has not been convicted of a criminal offence." -Agreed

"3. Representatives of the people shall receive payment so that workers, too, shall be able to

become members of the German parliament." -Agreed

"4. Universal arming of the people. In future the armies shall be simultaneously labour armies, so

that the troops shall not, as formerly, merely consume, but shall produce more than is necessary

for their upkeep.

This will moreover be conducive to the organisation of labour." -Agreed, but it should also be voluntary in my opinion. People with a criminal record shouldn't be armed.

"5. Legal services shall be free of charge." -Agreed, within reasonable bounds.

"6. All feudal obligations, dues, corvées, tithes etc., which have hitherto weighed upon the rural

population, shall be abolished without compensation." - Probably yes, I have no knowledge of feudal law.

"7. Princely and other feudal estates, together with mines, pits, and so forth, shall become the

property of the state. The estates shall be cultivated on a large scale and with the most up-to-date

scientific devices in the interests of the whole of society." - Yes but with environmental regulations and concerns.

"8. Mortgages on peasant lands shall be declared the property of the state. Interest on such

mortgages shall be paid by the peasants to the state." - Why not just declare the lands property of the peasants? We should work towards universal mortgage free home ownership.

"9. In localities where the tenant system is developed, the land rent or the quit-rent shall be paid to

the state as a tax.

The measures specified in Nos. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are to be adopted in order to reduce the communal

and other burdens hitherto imposed upon the peasants and small tenant farmers without curtailing

the means available for defraying state expenses and without imperilling production.

The landowner in the strict sense, who is neither a peasant nor a tenant farmer, has no share in

production. Consumption on his part is, therefore, nothing but abuse." -- Again, for first homes, I don't think there should be any taxes, mortgages, or interest.

"10. A state bank, whose paper issues are legal tender, shall replace all private banks.

This measure will make it possible to regulate the credit system in the interest of the people as a

whole, and will thus undermine the dominion of the big financial magnates. Further, by gradually

substituting paper money for gold and silver coin, the universal means of exchange (that

indispensable prerequisite of bourgeois trade and commerce) will be cheapened, and gold and

silver will be set free for use in foreign trade. Finally, this measure is necessary in order to bind

the interests of the conservative bourgeoisie to the Government." -Agreed, but it should be legal to hold gold and silver privately, assuming all tax responsibilities are paid.

"11. All the means of transport, railways, canals, steamships, roads, the posts etc. shall be taken

over by the state. They shall become the property of the state and shall be placed free at the

disposal of the impecunious classes." - Agreed

"12. All civil servants shall receive the same salary, the only exception being that civil servants

who have a family to support and who therefore have greater requirements, shall receive a higher

salary." - Disagree, hard workers should be rewarded, maybe with up to 2x compensation.

"13. Complete separation of Church and State. The clergy of every denomination shall be paid

only by the voluntary contributions of their congregations." - Agreed

"14. The right of inheritance to be curtailed." - Curtailed yes, not eliminated. Maybe there should be a maximum wealth level?

"15. The introduction of steeply graduated taxes, and the abolition of taxes on articles of

consumption." - Agreed, things like value added tax just punish the poor.

"16. Inauguration of national workshops. The state guarantees a livelihood to all workers and

provides for those who are incapacitated for work." - Agreed, I'd go further and say that a welfare state should ensure basic dignified living conditions are met for everyone, regardless of work status.

"17. Universal and free education of the people." - Agreed

"It is to the interest of the German proletariat, the petty bourgeoisie and the small peasants to

support these demands with all possible energy. Only by the realisation of these demands will the

millions in Germany, who have hitherto been exploited by a handful of persons and whom the

exploiters would like to keep in further subjection, win the rights and attain to that power to

which they are entitled as the producers of all wealth." - this part is just fluff

In ancient Greece, many philosophers, namely the Stoics, believed in fate. They thought in terms of unbreakable causal chains. We could also call it predictability.

In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton published «The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy», which described and modeled so many phenomenon in nature that for many, it seemed that predictability was confirmed. For example, he was able to nearly perfectly model the motions of planets using a simple equation, F=Gm1m2/r^2.

However, beginning in the 1860s, cracks began to emerge in the idea of predictability. James Clerk Maxwell discovered the hyper-sensitivity to and importance of initial conditions in chaotic systems. The three-body problem is one example.

But this didn’t completely disprove predictability. Rather it showed that for any model, almost any lack of knowledge whatsoever of initial conditions would quickly and completely throw off it’s predictive power.

But what happened in 1927 did disprove predictability. Werner Heisenberg discovered a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics: uncertainty. He showed that, for example, at microscopic scales, the more accurately position is measured, the less accurately momentum can be known, and vice versa.

So now we know, the universe is not entirely predictable.

In ancient Greece, many philosophers, namely the Stoics, believed in fate. They thought in terms of unbreakable causal chains. We could also call it predictability.

In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton published "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", which described and modeled so many phenomenon in nature that for many, it seemed that predictability was confirmed. For example, he was able to nearly perfectly model the motions of planets using a simple equation, F=Gm1m2/r^2.

However, beginning in the 1860s, cracks began to emerge in the idea of predictability. James Clerk Maxwell discovered the hyper-sensitivity to and importance of initial conditions in chaotic systems. The three-body problem is one example.

But this didn’t completely disprove predictability. Rather it showed that for any model, almost any lack of knowledge whatsoever of initial conditions would quickly and completely throw off it’s predictive power.

But what happened in 1927 did disprove predictability. Werner Heisenberg discovered a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics: uncertainty. He showed that, for example, at microscopic scales, the more accurately position is measured, the less accurately momentum can be known, and vice versa.

So now we know, the universe is not entirely predictable.