19 August 1953. The CIA and MI6-backed coup against Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh succeeded, overthrowing his government and restoring the Shah's political power.
18 August 1933. The Volksempfänger "People's Receiver", a cheap radio designed to bring Nazi propaganda into German homes, was unveiled in Berlin. Joseph Goebbels called radio the "eighth great power".
Nazi Germany mass-marketed cheap radios to bring propaganda directly into ordinary Germans' homes. The Volksempfänger was unveiled on 18 August 1933. Goebbels called radio the "eighth great power".
17 August 1893. Mae West was born. The actress, singer, comedian, screenwriter and playwright became one of Hollywood's biggest stars, famous for her risqué humour and refusal to conform to the conventions of her time.
TIL that in 1896, the first recorded pedestrian killed by a motor car in Britain was hit at about 4 mph, which one witness described as "as fast as a good horse could gallop". The driver had only driven three weeks, needed no licence, and wasn't told which side of the road to drive on.
16 August 2012. South African police opened fire on striking miners at Marikana, killing 34 and wounding 78 in the deadliest use of force against civilians in post-apartheid South Africa.
15 August 1961. 19-year-old East German border guard Conrad Schumann defects to the West, vaulting over a barbed-wire barrier into West Berlin in one of the Cold War's most iconic photographs.
15 August 1947. India gains independence after nearly two centuries of British rule, as British India is partitioned into the independent states of India and Pakistan.
14 August 1969. British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland, beginning Operation Banner, a military operation that would continue for almost 38 years.
TIL Harry Brearley accidentally invented "rustless steel" in Sheffield in 1913 while trying to make gun barrels last longer. It would eventually become one of the world's most widely used materials.
10 August 1793. The Louvre opened its doors to the public for the first time, with an exhibition of 537 paintings. Amongst them was Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. It’s surprisingly small, measuring just 77 × 53 cm.
9 August 1945. Kokura was the intended target of the second atomic bomb, but smoke and cloud prevented a visual bombing run and Nagasaki was struck instead.
TIL that the historic Japanese city of Kokura was the primary target for the second atomic bomb, but because smoke and cloud obscured it, the bomber flew on to Nagasaki instead.
9 August 1974. Richard Nixon resigned as president, becoming the only US president ever to quit the office. Watergate had left him facing almost certain impeachment and removal. Gerald Ford succeeded him.